Protein Folding Flashcards
What are the methods of analyzing protein denaturation?
- Turbidity (higher = greater refraction)
- Fluoresence (Trp most dominant)
- UV Absorption (aromatics 180nm)
- Biological Activity
- Circular Dichroism (CD) (+,-)
What are the denature conditions that cause denuration?
- pH (extremes); stomach 2
- Heat; body temp 37C, begins at 40C
- Agitation
What are the denaturation chemicals?
- Detergents; SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate)
- Chaotropic agents; urea, guanidine hydrochloride (reducing agents)
- Organic solvents; ethanol, TCA
What are the mitochondria HSPs?
HSP 60 and 70
What are the types of Accessory proteins? (2)
- PDI - protein disulfide isomerase
- aissist in protein position and proper location
- PPI - petidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase
- proper cis/trans position
What are the molecular chaperones? (3)
- HSP - heat shock proteins
- Chaperonins
- HSP 90
- signal transduction proteins, nucleoplasmins, small-HSP (HSP 27, alpha-crystallin)
What are the functions of HSP chaperones?
Reserve misfoldings, assists with newly synthesized proteins, unfold/refold trafficked proteins
What are the steps in forming amyloid plaques?
“San Francisco Deposits”
- Seeding
- Fibril formation
- Deposits
What is the precursor for amyloid fibrils?
Amyloid precursor protein (APP)
What are the heavy metals that are potent inhibitors of protein folding?
- Cadmium
- Mercury
- Lead
What are the two major metalloproteins?
- Transport and Storage
- Enzymes
What are the categories for transport and storage metalloproteins?
- Electron carriers; i.e. cytochromes
- Metal management; i.e. ferritin, transferrin
- Oxygen management; i.e. myoglobin, hemoglobin
What are the categories for enzyme metalloproteins?
- Hydroxylases; i.e. phosphatases
- Oxidoreductases; i.e. oxidases
- Isomerases & Synthetases; i.e. Vit B12
What are the characteristics of infectious proteins?
- Transmissible agents are the aggregates of specific proteins
- Resistant to dissolving
- Derived from a cellular protein
