Protein Folding Flashcards

1
Q

What are the methods of analyzing protein denaturation?

A
  1. Turbidity (higher = greater refraction)
  2. Fluoresence (Trp most dominant)
  3. UV Absorption (aromatics 180nm)
  4. Biological Activity
  5. Circular Dichroism (CD) (+,-)
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2
Q

What are the denature conditions that cause denuration?

A
  1. pH (extremes); stomach 2
  2. Heat; body temp 37C, begins at 40C
  3. Agitation
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3
Q

What are the denaturation chemicals?

A
  1. Detergents; SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate)
  2. Chaotropic agents; urea, guanidine hydrochloride (reducing agents)
  3. Organic solvents; ethanol, TCA
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4
Q

What are the mitochondria HSPs?

A

HSP 60 and 70

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5
Q

What are the types of Accessory proteins? (2)

A
  • PDI - protein disulfide isomerase
    • aissist in protein position and proper location
  • PPI - petidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase
    • proper cis/trans position
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6
Q

What are the molecular chaperones? (3)

A
  1. HSP - heat shock proteins
  2. Chaperonins
  3. HSP 90
  • signal transduction proteins, nucleoplasmins, small-HSP (HSP 27, alpha-crystallin)
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7
Q

What are the functions of HSP chaperones?

A

Reserve misfoldings, assists with newly synthesized proteins, unfold/refold trafficked proteins

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8
Q

What are the steps in forming amyloid plaques?

A

“San Francisco Deposits”

  1. Seeding
  2. Fibril formation
  3. Deposits
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9
Q

What is the precursor for amyloid fibrils?

A

Amyloid precursor protein (APP)

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10
Q

What are the heavy metals that are potent inhibitors of protein folding?

A
  1. Cadmium
  2. Mercury
  3. Lead
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11
Q

What are the two major metalloproteins?

A
  1. Transport and Storage
  2. Enzymes
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12
Q

What are the categories for transport and storage metalloproteins?

A
  1. Electron carriers; i.e. cytochromes
  2. Metal management; i.e. ferritin, transferrin
  3. Oxygen management; i.e. myoglobin, hemoglobin
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13
Q

What are the categories for enzyme metalloproteins?

A
  1. Hydroxylases; i.e. phosphatases
  2. Oxidoreductases; i.e. oxidases
  3. Isomerases & Synthetases; i.e. Vit B12
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14
Q

What are the characteristics of infectious proteins?

A
  1. Transmissible agents are the aggregates of specific proteins
  2. Resistant to dissolving
  3. Derived from a cellular protein
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15
Q
A
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