Properties of Biological Molecules Flashcards
First Law of Thermodynamics
Law of Conservation of Energy
- Energy is neither created nor destroyed
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Law of Thermodynamics
- Entropy always increases that’s in an isolated system and not in thermal equilibrium.
2 facts from Thermodynamics velocities:
- Thermodynamics is not indicative of velocity
- Reaction velocity is increased by a catalyst
What is Gibbs Free Energy?
Energy required to do work; a thermodynamically property of a chemical rxn
Gibbs Free Energy under Standard conditions:
G°’ = -RT ln Keq
Gibbs Free Energy under Nonstandard Conditions
Delta G° = delta G’ + RT ln [products]/[reactants]
- More products = less (-) = less spontaneity
- More reactants = more (-) = greater spontaneity
Explain the concept of Chemical Equilibrium
Le Chatelier’s Principle
- Energy input; coupled rxns, Free energy parameters are additive
What are the 3 bond properties?
- Van der waals Interactions - distribution of electronic charge around an atom flunctuates w/ time.
- Electrostatic Interactions - opposite charges attract
- H-Bonding
What is Coloumbs Law?
E = kq1q2/Dr
- The principle that the force of attraction or repulsion between two point electric charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Properties of Water
- Polar
- Cohesive in nature
- Bent
- Asymmetrical distribution of charge
- Hydrophobic effect
What are the two types of metabolic processes?
- Acid-Base Rxns
- Redox Rxns
Weak acid and weak base properties & equation for acid/base rxns
- Weak bases dissociate in water w/ it’s conjugate base
- Weak acids dissocite in water forming conjugate acid
- Keq = [OH-][H+]/[H2O]
K = 1.8 x 10-16
What occurs in Redox Rxns
Transfer of electrons
- Electron donor - reducing agent
- Electron acceptor - oxidizing agent
What is the equilibrium constant for acid dissociation
Ka = [H][A]/[HA]
What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
pH = pKa + log [A-]/[HA]