Protein-based Blood Group Antigens

Question 1

The gene Aquaporin-1 encodes the channel forming integral protein CHIP-1 which carries which blood group antigens?

Answer 1

The Colton blood group antigens, Co(a) and Co(b)

Question 2

The Kidd blood group antigens, Jk(a) and Jk(b) are carried by what protein?

Answer 2

The human erythroid urea transport protein HUT11

Question 3

What laboratory condition can red cells with the rare null phenotype in the Kidd system, Jk(a-b-), withstand?

Answer 3

Resist lysis in 2M urea

Question 4

The Cartwright antigens, Yt(a) and Yt(b) are located in what protein?

Answer 4

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE). It’s function in erythrocytes is unknown. AChE is linked to the red cell membrane through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) linkage

Question 5

The Cromer antigens are located on what protein?

Answer 5

DAF/CD55. It is linked to the red cell membrane through a GPI linkage

Question 6

Erythrocytes of patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) exhibit deficiency of…

Answer 6

GPI-linked proteins resulting in a lack of Cromer, Cartwright, Dombrock blood group antigens and John Milton Hagen (JMH) antigen.

Question 7

Phenotype of Cromer-negative individuals

Answer 7

Increased sensitivity to complement-mediated lysis

Question 8

What is the function of the Duffy (Fy) protein?

Answer 8

Chemokine receptor for IL-8, RANTES, MGSA and MCP-1. It may allow red cells to function as scavengers of excels chemokines in circulation.

Question 9

What is the function of the Knops blood group antigen?

Answer 9

Complement component C3b/C4b receptor type 1 (CR1)

Question 10

What is the function of the Indian blood group antigen?

Answer 10

Lymphocyte homing receptor/hyaluronan receptor, CD44 adhesion molecule

Question 11

What is the function of the Kidd blood group antigen?

Answer 11

Human erythroid urea transporter proteins

Question 12

What is the function of the Colton blood group antigen?

Answer 12

Human erythroid water transporter proteins

Question 13

What is the function of the Diego and Wright blood group antigen?

Answer 13

Band 3 protein-Anion exchange

Question 14

What is the function of the Chido/Rogers blood group antigen?

Answer 14

Complement component 4 (C4)

Question 15

What is the function of the Cromer blood group antigen?

Answer 15

Decay accelerating factor (DAF)/CD55

Question 16

What is the function of the Gerbich blood group antigen?

Answer 16

Glycophorin C and D

Question 17

What red cell antigens serve as the receptor for Plasmodium sp?

Answer 17

Duffy, Cad, MNSs

Question 18

What red cell antigen serve as the receptor for Parvovirus B19?

Answer 18

P

Question 19

What red cell antigen serve as the receptor for Polio virus?

Answer 19

Indian

Question 20

What red cell antigen serve as the receptor for E. coli, coxsackie virus and echovirus?

Answer 20

Cromer

Question 21

What red cell antigen serve as the receptor for Haemophilus influenzae?

Answer 21

Anton (AnW)

Question 22

What is the frequency of RhD in whites and blacks?

Answer 22

86% in whites, 92% in blacks

Question 23

What is the frequency of Rh antigen C in whites and blacks?

Answer 23

70% in whites, 33% in blacks

Question 24

What is the frequency of Rh antigen E in whites and blacks?

Answer 24

30% in whites, 21% in blacks

Question 25

What is the frequency of Rh antigen c in whites and blacks?

Answer 25

80% in whites, 97% in blacks

Question 26

What is the frequency of Rh antigen e in whites and blacks?

Answer 26

98% in whites, 99% in blacks

Question 27

List the observed frequency of Rh haplotypes in whites from greatest to least.

Answer 27

R1 (42%) >> r (37%) >> R2 (14%) >> R0 (4%) >> r’ (2%) >> r’’ (1%), RZ and ry are very rare

Question 28

List the observed frequency of Rh haplotypes in blacks from greatest to least.

Answer 28

R0 (44%) >> r (26%) >> R1 (17%) >> R2 (11%) >> r’ (2%), RZ, r’’ and ry are very rare

Question 29

What antigens are present with R1 phenotype?

Answer 29

D, C, e

Question 30

What antigens are present with R2 phenotype?

Answer 30

D, c, E

Question 31

What antigens are present with R0 phenotype?

Answer 31

D, c, e

Question 32

What antigens are present with RZ phenotype?

Answer 32

D, C, E

Question 33

What antigens are present with r’ phenotype?

Answer 33

C, e

Question 34

What antigens are present with r’’ phenotype?

Answer 34

c, E

Question 35

What antigens are present with r phenotype?

Answer 35

c, e

Question 36

What antigens are present with rY phenotype?

Answer 36

C, E

Question 37

Alloimmunization is observed in up to what percentage of sickle cell patients?

Answer 37

30%

Question 38

What are the most common blood group antibodies detected in sickle cell patients?

Answer 38

Anti-C, anti-E and anti-K

Question 39

Why are anti-C, anti-E and anti-K the most common antibodies observed in sickle cell patients?

Answer 39

They are the most immunogenic of all blood group antigens and the corresponding antigens (C, E and K) are more frequently found in blood donors of European ethnicity.

Question 40

If C and E negative blood were to be selected from a pool of donors with European ancestory, which phenotype would be best to select from?

Answer 40

The r phenotype (cde)

Question 41

If C and E negative blood were to be selected from a pool of donors with African ancestory, which phenotype would be best to select from?

Answer 41

The R0 phenotype (cDe)

Question 42

What ethnicity has the highest frequency of e negative blood?

Answer 42

Native Americans

Question 43

Individuals of Asian decent are most likely what Rh phenotype?

Answer 43

R1 (70%)