Protein Flashcards
Define protein
Proteins are compounds found in all living cells in animals and plants that play a variety of important roles.
Proteins are long chains of amino acids strung together
What does protein contain
proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen
What are animo acids
The building blocks of protein.
Essential animo acids
Amino acids that cannot be made in the body
Nonessential animo acid
Amino acids that can be made in the body.
How many animo acids are there
There are 20 animo acids 9 out of them cannot be made in the body And 11 can be made in the body
What are the (9) essential animo acids
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Valine
What ere the (11) nonessential animo acids
Alanine
Arginine
Asparagine
Aspartic acid
Tyrosine
Conditionally essential animo acid
Nonessential amino acids that may, under certain circumstances, become essential.
example would be tyrosine .
What is peptide bonds
The bond that form between adjoining animo acids.
What is polypeptide
Protein fragments with 10 or more amino acids.
What are enzymes
Enzymes are Catalysts in the body that help break down substances, build up substance, and change one substance into another.
Break down substances (such as foods during digestion)
Build up substances (such as bone)
Change one substance into another (such as glucose into glycogen)
Functions of Protein
• Acts as a structural component of the body
• Builds and maintains the body
• Found in many enzymes
• Transports iron, fats, minerals, and oxygen
• Maintains fluid and acid-base balance
• Provides energy as last resort
• Helps blood clot
Hormones
Gormones are chemical messengers found in the body
Hormones regulate certain body activities so that a constant internal environment (called homeostasis) is maintained.
Homeostasis
A constant internal environment in the body.
What are Antibodies
Antibodies are proteins that protect the body against foreign bodies
They could be viruses, bacteria, or toxins.
What is an antigen
An antigen is a foreign substance that enters your body.
This can include bacteria, viruses, fungi, allergens, venom and other various toxins
What is IMMUNE RESPONSE
The body’s response to a foreign substance, such as a virus, in the body.
Acid base balance
Acid-base balance refers to the levels of acidity and alkalinity your blood needs in order to keep your body functioning.
Acidosis (excess acid)
Acidosis refers to high levels of acid in the body
Alkalosis
Alkalosis refers to excess alkali in the body
FIBRIN
Protein fibers involved in forming clots so that a cut or wound will stop bleeding.
What are incomplete proteins?
Proteins low in one or more essential amino acids
What are high-quality proteins?
Proteins that provide all essential amino acids
