Protein Flashcards
Proteins that are Found only in animals.
Fibrous protein
Don’t serve structural functions. They can act as transporters like hemoglobin and are often enzymes.
Globular proteins
Proteins that are Generally insoluble in water.
Fibrous protein
Proteins that are usually water-soluble.
Globular protein
is a fibrous protein found in skin and bone.
Collagen
are proteins that facilitate chemical reactions under mild conditions.
Enzymes
is a transport protein for oxygen.
Hemoglobin
are proteins that fight foreign substances.
Antibodies
stores iron in the liver.
Ferritin
most fundamental level that all proteins have
Primary level
most specific level that only some proteins have
Quarternary level
is required for protein synthesis.
Energy
what remains of each amino acid is called
Residue
When two or more amino acids combine,
a molecule of water is
Removed
ultimately controls the amino acid sequence, with mRNA serving as the template.
DNA/deoxyribonucleic acid
allows for hydrogen bonding between residues.
Backbone
was one of the first proteins to have its primary structure determined.
Bovine insulin
refers to the folding of the polypeptide chain due to hydrogen bonds between peptide bonds.
Secondary structure
is a secondary structure formed by hydrogen bonding between the amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
a-helix
the protein found in hair, nails, and fur
Keratin
creates bends or “kinks” that inhibit the formation of a regular pattern of hydrogen bonds.
Proline
Strands align in the same direction
Parallel structure
Strands align in opposite directions.
Antiparallel structure
are typically four to five strands wide, but can be up to ten or more.
Sheets
also known as a hairpin bend, is the simplest of these structures.
B-turn
is a larger structure that resembles the Greek letter omega
Ω-loop
The combination of primary, secondary structures, and side chain interactions
Tertiary structure
repelled by water, but attracted to each other.
Hydrophobic
Attract other polar side chains through dipole-dipole forces or hydrogen bonds.
Polar side chains
Nonpolar side chains tend to cluster together, avoiding water.
Hydrophobic interactions
Formed by interactions between multiple polypeptide chains
Quarternary structure
Separates proteins based on net charge in an electric field
Electrophoresis
Separates proteins based on net charge
Ion exchange chromatography
One of the characteristics of proteins or enzymes in the blood is
Polymorphism
The determination of blood type in a-b-o system, first begun in 1901, is based on
Antigen- antibody reactions
An antigen on the surface of red blood cells
Rh factor
Linear sequence of amino acids
Primary structure
Screw-like / spiral structure
a-helix
Combination of secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Most of the proteins have this type of structure
Tertiary structure
Composed of tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
Determines the 3 dimensional configuration and properties
Primary structure
Primary structure starts at the
N-terminal amino acid
Primary structure stops or ends at the
C-terminal amino acids
It limits the rotation of proteins
Peptide bond
It gives the structure stability
Peptide bond
Results from interactions between peptide bonds and derived from primary structure
Secondary structure
Type of B-pleated sheet that the direction of the carboxyl end is in the same direction
Parallel beta pleated sheet
The bond that produces the secondary structure
Hydrogen bond
Typically 4-5 strands wide
B-pleated sheet
Results from interactions between side chains
Tertiary structure
The overall 3D conformation
Tertiary structure
Results from interactions between subunits (tertiary structure)
Quaternary structure
Primary oxygen carrying protein
Hemoglobin
Migration of ions in an electrical fields
Electrophoresis
Prevents diffusion of proteins out of the gel
Fixation
Stains for lipids
- fat red 7b
- oil red O
- Sudan black B
Stain for serum proteins in general
- amido black
- coomassie brilliant blue G-250
- coomassie brilliant blue R-250
- ponceau S
Stains for isoenzymes
Nitrotetrazolium blue
Stains for DNA fragments
Ethidium bromide
Stain for CSF proteins
Silver nitrate
How many agarose film can a 100ml stain solution stain?
387 cm^2 / 60 in^2
The term if leaching occurs
Faulty
How many acetic acid is involved in washing?
5% acetic acid
Measures absorbance of each fraction
Photometric optical system
