Glucose metabolism - Lab

Question 1

is a primary source of energy for humans

Answer 1

Glucose

Question 2

cannot concentrate or store carbohydrates

Answer 2

Nervous tissue

Question 3

A group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects insulin secretion, insulin receptors or both

Answer 3

Diabetes mellitus

Question 4

Fasting plasma glucose concentrations

Answer 4

more than or equal to 126mg/dL

Question 5

occurs when the plasma glucose level exceeds
180 mg/dL (9.99 mmol/L) with normal renal function

Answer 5

Glucosuria

Question 6

develops in DM from excessive synthesis of acetyl-CoA

Answer 6

Ketosis

Question 7

3 signs and symptoms of diabetes mellitus

Answer 7

Polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria

Question 8

Medical term for excessive thirst

Answer 8

Polydipsia

Question 9

a feeling of extreme hunger

Answer 9

Polyphagia

Question 10

Medical term for excessive urination

Answer 10

Polyuria

Question 11

results from β-cell destruction, usually leading to absolute insulin deficiency

Answer 11

Type 1 Diabetes

Question 12

results from a progressive insulin secretory defect on the background of insulin resistance

Answer 12

Type 2 Diabetes

Question 13

diagnosed during pregnancy

Answer 13

GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS (GDM)

Question 14

e.g., genetic defects in β-cell function,genetic defects in insulin action, diseases of the exocrine pancreas [e.g., cystic fibrosis], and drug or chemically induced

Answer 14

OTHER SPECIFIC TYPES OF DIABETES DUE TO OTHER CAUSES

Question 15

Type 1 DM is formerly known as:

Answer 15

• Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)
• Juvenile Onset Diabetes Mellitus
• Brittle Diabetes
• Ketosis-Prone Diabetes

Question 16

It is a result of cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of the β-cells of the pancreas

Answer 16

Type 1 DM

Question 17

Type 1 constitutes how many percent of all
cases of diabetes

Answer 17

10% - 20%

Question 18

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus formerly known as:

Answer 18

• Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
• Adult Type/Maturity Onset Diabetes Mellitus
• Stable Diabetes
• Ketosis-Resistant Diabetes
• Receptor Deficient Diabetes Mellitus

Question 19

It is characterized by hyperglycemia due to an
individual’s resistance to insulin; there is relative
insulin deficiency

Answer 19

Type 2 DM

Question 20

Frequency of type 1 DM

Answer 20

5-10%

Question 21

Frequency of type 2 DM

Answer 21

90-95%

Question 22

Age of onset of type 1 DM

Answer 22

Any but most common in children and young adults

Question 23

Age of onset of type 2 DM

Answer 23

More common with advancing age, but can occur in children and adolescents

Question 24

C-peptide levels of Type 1 DM

Answer 24

Very low / undetectable

Question 25

C-peptide levels of Type 2 DM

Answer 25

Detectable

Question 26

It is a disorder characterized by impaired ability to metabolize carbohydrate usually caused by deficiency of insulin, metabolic or hormonal changes.

Answer 26

Gestational DM

Question 27

Large % of patients develop DM within how many years

Answer 27

5-10 years

Question 28

In GDM, Screening should be performed between __________ of gestation

Answer 28

24-28 weeks

Question 29

It is requested during insulin shock, hyperglycemic ketonic coma

Answer 29

RBS - random blood sugar

Question 30

NPO (Non-Per Orem) at least 8 hours before the test

Answer 30

FBS - Fasting Blood sugar

Question 31

- multiple blood sugar test - to determine how well the body metabolizes glucose over give time required

Answer 31

GTT - Glucose Tolerance Test

Question 32

Diagnosis of DM FBS =

Answer 32

more than or equal to 126mg/dl

Question 33

Diagnosis of DM 2-hour OGTT =

Answer 33

More than or equal to 200mg/dl

Question 34

Diagnosis of DM HbA1c =

Answer 34

More than or equal to 6.5%

Question 35

has recommended that individuals with diabetes monitor their blood glucose levels in an effort to maintain levels as close to normal as possible.

Answer 35

ADA

Question 36

For persons with type 1 diabetes, the recommendation self monitoring of blood glucose is

Answer 36

3-4 times/day

Question 37

should be replaced by self-monitoring of blood glucose

Answer 37

Urine glucose testing

Question 38

Current ADA guidelines recommend that an HbA1c test be performed at least __________ with patients who are meeting treatment goals and who have stable glycemic control

Answer 38

2 times a year

Question 39

Glycosylated hemoglobin’s specimen

Answer 39

EDTA whole blood sample

Question 40

Before analysis of HbA1c, a _______ must be prepared

Answer 40

Hemolysate

Question 41

Standard specimens

Answer 41

Fasting venous plasma

Question 42

Whole blood glucose levels are _____% lower compared to plasma levels.

Answer 42

10-15%

Question 43

Glucose is metabolized at RT at a rate of

Answer 43

7mg/dl per hr

Question 44

At 4c, glucose decreases by approximately

Answer 44

2mg/dl per hr

Question 45

Evacuated tube used for glucose

Answer 45

Gray top

Question 46

Glucose CSF levels _____ of plasma glucose

Answer 46

60-70%

Question 47

As little as 10% contamination with 5% dextrose will elevate glucose n a sample by

Answer 47

500 mg/dl or more

Question 48

Keeps the glucose from dropping too low

Answer 48

Glucagon

Question 49

Keep blood glucose from rising too high

Answer 49

Insulin

Question 50

It prevents the release of pancreatic hormones, including insulin and glucagon

Answer 50

Somatostatin

Question 51

Glucose in urine

Answer 51

Glucosuria

Question 52

Fasting hours for lipid profile

Answer 52

At least 12 hours

Question 53

The breakdown of RBC

Answer 53

Hemolysate

Question 54

Uncontrolled DM should be checked every

Answer 54

3 months

Question 55

Controlled DM should be checked at least every

Answer 55

6 months