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biochem > protein > Flashcards

protein Flashcards

1
Q

amino-tRNA Synthetase

A

enzyme required to catalyze the attachment of an amino acid to tRNA
attaches a specific AA to the 3’ acceptor stem of the congate tRNA molecule
“charges” tRNA and is coupled to ATP hydrolysis
Class 1: rossmann nucleotide, charges tRNA on 2’ OH
Class 2: antiparallel beta strand, charges tRNA on 3’ OH
aminoacylation reaction: thermodynamically favored (ATP driven)
carboxyl group on AA attacks ATP
then charge tRNA

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2
Q

isoacceptor tRNAs

A

different tRNAs for the same AA that bind alternate codons
recognized by a single aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
have an invariant residue at recognition positions on the acceptor stems
2 proofreading steps: active site & editing site

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3
Q

isoacceptor tRNAs

A

different tRNAs for the same AA that bind alternate codons
recognized by a single aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
have an invariant residue at recognition positions on the acceptor stems
2 proofreading steps: active site & editing site
Active site: proofreading site, allows certain class/size
editing site: removes incorrect AA

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4
Q

wobble bp

A

first two nucleotides the same, I pairs with AUC

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5
Q

protein synthesis initiation

A

AUG is start codon
initiator tRNA is formylated to produce fMet-tRNA after aminoacylation
initiator tRNA binds to P (peptidyl) site

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6
Q

termination

A

terminated by STOP codons
release factor binds to ribosome in place of charged tRNA
polypeptide chain released
GTP is hydrolyzed by release factors and disassemble complex

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7
Q

elongation

A

second tRNA binds A site
rRNA helps peptide bond formation
peptide transferred to P site
uncharged tRNA leaves from E site

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8
Q

prokaryotic initiation

A

30S & 50S subunit for 70S ribosome
Shine Dalgarno sequence appears upstream from AUG
3 initiation factors

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9
Q

eukaryotic initation

A

used 40S and 60S subunit to form 80S ribosome
multiple elongation factors & GTP & ATP required

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10
Q

eukaryotic initation

A

used 40S and 60S subunit to form 80S ribosome
multiple elongation factors & GTP & ATP required
specific RNA sequence required at 5’ and 3’ end

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11
Q

Peptidyl Transferase Reaction

A

Amino group of the amino acid attached to the 3′ terminus of the tRNA in the A site attacks the carbonyl carbon of the peptidyl-tRNA in the P site

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12
Q

chloramphenicol

A

bind to 50S subunit and prevent peptide bond formation

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13
Q

erythromycio

A

binds to 50S subunit and prevents translocation

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14
Q

tetracyclines

A

prevent tRNA binding to A site of ribosome

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15
Q

strepromycin

A

alter the structure of the 30S subunit, causing errors in translation

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16
Q

puromycin

A

bind to A site of 50S subunit
peptidyl transferase reaction attaches peptide to puromycin

17
Q

palmitoylation

A

attachment of C=O +14 carbon lipid to cerine

18
Q

myristoylation

A

attachment of C=O + 12 carbon lipid to terminal G

19
Q

prenylation

A

attachment of unsaturated lipid to cyctein

20
Q

phosphorylation

A

attachment of phosphate group to OH
(S, T, Y)

21
Q

methylation

A

attachment of methyl group to lysine

22
Q

acetylation

A

attachment of C+O CH3 (aceytl) to lysine

23
Q

ubiquitination

A

add C=OUb to lysine

24
Q

glycation

A

Oligosaccharide attachment can be O linked or N linked
glycan assembled attached to membrane
glycosyltransferase attached glycan to protein in ER lumen

25
Q

nuclear import

A

importin binds cargo protein & enters nucleus
GTP/ran complex releases cargo & binds importin
importin/ran/GTP complex leaves nucleus
importin released, GDP/ran enters nucleus
GDP > GTP

26
Q

nuclear export

A

GTP/RAN/exportin/cargo protein leave nucleus
cargo & exportin released
exportin and GDP/ran complex enter nucleus
GDP>GTP

27
Q

ER-targeted proteins

A

plasma membranes, secretory vesicles, endosomes, lysosomes
signal peptide sequence
N terminal segment with charged AA, hydrophobic AA, protease cleavage site
ER signal sequence emerges and binds signal recognition particle
GTP hydrolysis dissociates SRP-ribosome complex & peptide is alongated into ER lumen

28
Q

ER-targeted proteins

A

plasma membranes, secretory vesicles, endosomes, lysosomes
signal peptide sequence
N terminal segment with charged AA, hydrophobic AA, protease cleavage site
ER signal sequence emerges and binds signal recognition particle
GTP hydrolysis dissociates SRP-ribosome complex & peptide is elongated into ER lumen
signal peptide sequence cleaved into lumen

29
Q

COPI

A

protein cage from golgi > ER

30
Q

COPII

A

protein cage for ER > golgi

31
Q

clathrin

A

protein cage from golgi > membrane

biochem (4 decks)

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