Protein 1

Question 0

What is the structure of amino acids?

Answer 0

Glycerol backbone, plus a side group which varies ( 20 different amino acids)
More complex than carbs or fats

Question 1

What element makes protein different from other nutrients ?

Answer 1

Nitrogen

Question 2

Structure of proteins

Answer 2

Amino acids can be linked end to end (dipeptide, tripeptide, polypeptide (10 or more))
Function is determined by shape

Question 3

Essential amino acids

Answer 3

Can’t be made by body, must be eaten
9 essential amino acids
( a few are conditionally essential, wounds, premies…)

Question 4

Denaturation

Answer 4

Disruption of stability, proteins uncoil and loose shape,happens in stomach acid
Ex: cooking eggs
Can not be undone

Question 5

Body uses –% of protein for energy

Answer 5

25%

Proteins are continually being broke. Down and remade

Question 6

Nitrogen balance

Positive& negative N balance

Answer 6

N in = N out
Positive, children & pregnant women
Negative: fasting or starving

Question 7

Protein digesting

Answer 7

Mouth
stomach (hydrochloric acid denatures
Small I: hydrolysis reactions, peptidase enzymes

Question 8

Role of protein in body

Answer 8

Structural: muscles , bone, teeth, tendons, cartilage, blood, vessels
Enzymes
Transporters, ex: hemoglobin, lipoproteins

Question 9

Enzymes

Answer 9

Are proteins
Catalyze all of life’s processes
Not altered by the rxns they facilitate

Question 10

Proteins as acid base buffers

Answer 10

Gather up acid if pH too low, release acid if pH too high

PH must be between 7.36-7.44?

Question 11

Proteins as antibodies

Answer 11

Defend

Low protein means deceased immune response

Question 12

Hormones

Answer 12

Sterols, glucagon, insulin

Question 13

Proteins fxns in body

Answer 13

Structural
Enzymes
Hormones 
Fluid balance (volume and composition of body fluid) 
Acid base balance: 
Transportation 
Antibodies 
Energy

Question 14

% of intake

Answer 14

10-35%

Body can not store protein

Question 15

Marasmus

Answer 15

Protein energy malnutrition
Chronic inadequate intake
6-18 months
Very skinny, muscles/heart weaken,
Impaired brain devel., low temp, growth ceases
Reversible if caught in time: 1. Fluid & electrolyte balance, 2. Nutrition and warming

Question 16

Kwashiorkor

Answer 16

18months - 2 years when weaned from breast
Lack of proteins and hormones cause fluids to leak into interstitial spaces
Edema of limbs & face , bulging belly from fatty liver

Question 17

Excess protein

Answer 17

Obesity, atherosclerosis, heart disease, worsen kidney disease, increases urinary calcium excretion
Adds saturated fat

Question 18

RDA

Answer 18

.8 gm/ kg of body weight , 10-35%
Most ppl get too much
1oz=7g protein
Need ample fat and carbs, otherwise body breaks down own muscles b/c body’s top priority is ENERGY

Question 19

High quality proteins

Answer 19

Must Contain: all essential amino acids, nitrogen containing amino groups & energy to synthesize the other
Animal foods, combined plant foods
Amino acid comp: cells need all simultaneously

Question 20

Protein quality: Digestibility

Answer 20

Depends on protein source + other foods eaten
Animal: 90-99%
Plant: 70-90%
Soy: >90%