Protect Yourself

Question 1

SATA which of these does the immune system respond to?

1. Bacteria
2. Viruses
3. Fungi
4. Foreign substances, cells, and objects
5. Toleratible substances
6. Antigens

Answer 1

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Page 280

Question 2

SATA Which of these does the immune system consist of?

1. Lymphoid organs
2. Lymphoid tissue
3. WBCs
4. Chemicals
5. Killer debris
6. Passive neutrophils

Answer 2

Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4

Page 280

Question 3

What is the difference between a Major histocompatibility complex antigen, and foriegn antigens?

Answer 3

Foreign antigens are not tolerated while major histocompatibility complex antigens are tolerated.

Page 281

Question 4

SATA Which of these are a type Lyphocytes?

1. Antibodies
2. T-cells
3. B-cells
4. NC cells

Answer 4

Answer: 2,3

281

Question 5

SATA Which of these is released by natural killer cells causing cytolysis?

1. Killer T-cells
2. Memory B-cells
3. Perforin
4. Granzymes

Answer 5

Answer: 3, 4

281

Question 6

Describe the migration of B-cells

Answer 6

B-cells are created and matured in bone marrow, before being sent to lymphatic tissue to release antibodies indirectly

Question 7

Describe the migration of T-cells

Answer 7

T-cells are created in bone marrow, but are matured in the thymus by thymic hormones. Then they are transported to lymph nodes, nodules, and spleen.

Question 8

How do vaccines help antibodies?

Answer 8

When an antibody is first exposed to an antigen they react slowly, but the second time they produce rapidly . The vaccine exposes the antibodies to the virus, so next time they react faster so they virus is destroyed before it causes harm.

Question 9

How do antibodies neutralize viruses?

Answer 9

They attach to it and do not let it enter the cells.

Question 10

What do antibodies do during anaphylaxis?

Answer 10

IgE antibodies bind to mast cells which break down and release histamine and other chemicals increasing the inflammation.

Question 11

What is IgG?

Answer 11

This antibody is responsible for long-term immunity after vaccination or illness, it also crosses the placenta to the newborn (passive immunity).

Its found in blood, extracellular fluid, and lymph

Question 12

What is IgA?

Answer 12

Provides passive immunity to breastfed infants

Its found in external secretions including tears/saliva, and is found in mucous membrane secretions.

Question 13

What is IgM?

Answer 13

The first antibody produced during infection

Found in blood, and lymph

Question 14

What is IgD?

Answer 14

For antigen-specific receptors on B lymphocytes

Found in B-cells

Question 15

What is IgE

Answer 15

This Antibody is used in allergic reactions, it’s the one that binds to mast cells producing the histamine.

It’s found in mast cells or basophils

Question 16

What is passive immunity?

Answer 16

The Immunity that comes from another source (artificially) through injection of preformed antibodies, (naturally) from placenta to baby.

Question 17

What is active Immunity?

Answer 17

When the body creates its own antibodies
(naturally)when a person recovers from infection and now has antibodies to that infection, or (artificially) when a vaccine is given.

Question 18

SATA Which of these are effects of aging on the immune system?

1. Decreased thymus gland
2. Decreased immature T-cells
3. Slowed antigen response
4. Herpes (shingles) vaccine at age 40 or older
5. Shingrix or Zostavax vaccine at age 70 or older
6. Influenza vaccine from mid-October-November
7. Tetanus and Diptheria booster every 15 years
8. PCV13 then PCV23 after the PCV13

Answer 18

Answer: 1, 3, 6, 8

Box on Page 285

Question 19

Which of these are disease processes caused by lack of or disruption of microbes?

1. Anorexia
2. GERD
3. Depression
4. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
5. Immune disorders
6. Dementia
7. Lupus
8. Rheumatoid Arthritis

Answer 19

Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8

Page 285

Question 20

SATA Which of these are acceptable subjective Data Questions regarding the Immune System?

1. Where were you born?
2. What is your cultural or ethnic background?
3. Are you alert and oriented?
4. What places have you lived in?
5. Where do you live now?
6. What do you do for a living?
7. Are you exposed to any dangerous fumes, chemicals, or radiation?
8. Are you a Dare Devil?
9. What allergies do you not have?
10. Any OTC drugs, or herbal supplements I should know about?
11. Do you engage in any risky behavior?
12. What allergies does your family have?
13. How do you cope with stress
14. Do you have a support system?

Answer 20

Answers: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14

Page 286

Question 21

What can heart sounds indicate for someone with an immune disorder?

Answer 21

Pericardial friction rub can be caused by systemic lupus erythematosus, or Rheumatoid arthritis because it causes inflammation to the tissue around the heart muscle.

Question 22

What can lungs sounds indicate for someone with an immune disorder?

Answer 22

Crackles with dry cough=Pneumocystis jjroveci

Pleural effusion, diminished breath sounds, tachypnea=Rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus.

Wheezes=Allergic response

Question 23

What do Lymph Nodes indicate in an immune disorder?

Answer 23

Big painful lymph nodes=Inflammation & Infection

Enlarged, painless, fixed, and firm lymph nodes=Cancerous lesions