Protect Yourself Flashcards
SATA which of these does the immune system respond to?
- Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Foreign substances, cells, and objects
- Toleratible substances
- Antigens
Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
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SATA Which of these does the immune system consist of?
- Lymphoid organs
- Lymphoid tissue
- WBCs
- Chemicals
- Killer debris
- Passive neutrophils
Answer: 1, 2, 3, 4
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What is the difference between a Major histocompatibility complex antigen, and foriegn antigens?
Foreign antigens are not tolerated while major histocompatibility complex antigens are tolerated.
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SATA Which of these are a type Lyphocytes?
- Antibodies
- T-cells
- B-cells
- NC cells
Answer: 2,3
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SATA Which of these is released by natural killer cells causing cytolysis?
- Killer T-cells
- Memory B-cells
- Perforin
- Granzymes
Answer: 3, 4
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Describe the migration of B-cells
B-cells are created and matured in bone marrow, before being sent to lymphatic tissue to release antibodies indirectly
Describe the migration of T-cells
T-cells are created in bone marrow, but are matured in the thymus by thymic hormones. Then they are transported to lymph nodes, nodules, and spleen.
How do vaccines help antibodies?
When an antibody is first exposed to an antigen they react slowly, but the second time they produce rapidly . The vaccine exposes the antibodies to the virus, so next time they react faster so they virus is destroyed before it causes harm.
How do antibodies neutralize viruses?
They attach to it and do not let it enter the cells.
What do antibodies do during anaphylaxis?
IgE antibodies bind to mast cells which break down and release histamine and other chemicals increasing the inflammation.
What is IgG?
This antibody is responsible for long-term immunity after vaccination or illness, it also crosses the placenta to the newborn (passive immunity).
Its found in blood, extracellular fluid, and lymph
What is IgA?
Provides passive immunity to breastfed infants
Its found in external secretions including tears/saliva, and is found in mucous membrane secretions.
What is IgM?
The first antibody produced during infection
Found in blood, and lymph
What is IgD?
For antigen-specific receptors on B lymphocytes
Found in B-cells
What is IgE
This Antibody is used in allergic reactions, it’s the one that binds to mast cells producing the histamine.
It’s found in mast cells or basophils
What is passive immunity?
The Immunity that comes from another source (artificially) through injection of preformed antibodies, (naturally) from placenta to baby.
What is active Immunity?
When the body creates its own antibodies
(naturally)when a person recovers from infection and now has antibodies to that infection, or (artificially) when a vaccine is given.
SATA Which of these are effects of aging on the immune system?
- Decreased thymus gland
- Decreased immature T-cells
- Slowed antigen response
- Herpes (shingles) vaccine at age 40 or older
- Shingrix or Zostavax vaccine at age 70 or older
- Influenza vaccine from mid-October-November
- Tetanus and Diptheria booster every 15 years
- PCV13 then PCV23 after the PCV13
Answer: 1, 3, 6, 8
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Which of these are disease processes caused by lack of or disruption of microbes?
- Anorexia
- GERD
- Depression
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome
- Immune disorders
- Dementia
- Lupus
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
Answer: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8
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SATA Which of these are acceptable subjective Data Questions regarding the Immune System?
- Where were you born?
- What is your cultural or ethnic background?
- Are you alert and oriented?
- What places have you lived in?
- Where do you live now?
- What do you do for a living?
- Are you exposed to any dangerous fumes, chemicals, or radiation?
- Are you a Dare Devil?
- What allergies do you not have?
- Any OTC drugs, or herbal supplements I should know about?
- Do you engage in any risky behavior?
- What allergies does your family have?
- How do you cope with stress
- Do you have a support system?
Answers: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14
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What can heart sounds indicate for someone with an immune disorder?
Pericardial friction rub can be caused by systemic lupus erythematosus, or Rheumatoid arthritis because it causes inflammation to the tissue around the heart muscle.
What can lungs sounds indicate for someone with an immune disorder?
Crackles with dry cough=Pneumocystis jjroveci
Pleural effusion, diminished breath sounds, tachypnea=Rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus.
Wheezes=Allergic response
What do Lymph Nodes indicate in an immune disorder?
Big painful lymph nodes=Inflammation & Infection
Enlarged, painless, fixed, and firm lymph nodes=Cancerous lesions
