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Pathology -- Nephrology > Prostate Gland > Flashcards

Prostate Gland Flashcards

1
Q

Below the prostate, the epithelium is…

A

Stratified or Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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2
Q

Difference in hypo and epispadias

A

Hypo – Ventral

Epi – Dorsal

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3
Q

Problem with hypo and epispadias

A

Associated with failure of descent of testis
Predispose to infections, obstruction
May cause sterility –> diverticula or cyst

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4
Q

What is phimosis?

A

Opening of the prepuce too small to permit normal retraction of the penis. Interferes with cleanliness and permits accumulation to secretions and debris

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5
Q

What is paraphimosis

A

Constriction of glans penus following forced retraction of a phimotic prepuce. Swelling and urethral obstruction with retention.

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6
Q

What is balanoposthitis

A

Nonspecific infection of the glans and prepuce

Usually Candida, anerobes, gardnerella

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7
Q

HPV is associated with…

A

Chondylomata acuminata

Intraepithelial neoplasm

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8
Q

What is condyloma acuminatum

A

Benign neoplasm related to common wart

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9
Q

Gross presentation of condyloma acuminatum

A

On moist mucocutaneous surfaces of external genetalia
Red Papillary Masses
If present in children suspect sexual abuse

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10
Q

Microscopic presentation of condyloma acuminatum

A

Papila composed of connective cores covered by well differentiated hyperplastic epithelium. Does not pepetrate basement membrane.

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11
Q

Names of carcinoma insitu of the penis

A

Bowen’s disease
erythrolasia of Queyrat
Bowenoid papulosis

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12
Q

Important details about squamous cell carcinoma of the penis

A

50% HPV related
Gross – glans or inner prepuce, paque-like lesion progressing to an ulcer or mass
Behavior – Slow growing, invasive, destructive

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13
Q

Testes not on this test…maybe look at it or whatever

A

I’m not your mom

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14
Q

Three types of prostatitis

A

Acute bacterial
Chronic bacterial
Chronic abacterial

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15
Q

How to identify bacterial vs abacterial prostatitis

A

Bac should have more than 15 WBC/hpf in prostatic secretions

Bacterial growth in secretions

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16
Q

Important details on Acute Bacterial Prostatis

A

Suppurative Inflammation
Usually E Coli, G-, or staph from urine reflux

Fever, Chills, Dysuria
Prostate Tender, Soft

17
Q

Important details on chronic bacterial prostatis

A

Asymptomatic OR dysuria, lower back pain, perianal/suprapubic pain, recurrent cystitis/urethritis

18
Q

Important features of chronic abacterial prostatitis

A

Most common form, unknown etiology

Symptoms like chronic bacterial, but with no history or recurrent UTI

19
Q

BPH nodules originate in the ___ area of the nodule

A

Inner periurethral area of middle and lateral lobes

20
Q

Microscopic details of BPH

A

Glandular hyperplasia, glandular dilation, stromal hyperplasia.
Pink, Loose glandular tissue and gray, firm fibromuscular tissue

21
Q

Symptoms of BPH

A

Urethral obstruction and urine retention
Dysuria, Troble stopping/starting/dribbling
Cystitis

22
Q

Important risk factors for Prostatic Carcinoma

A

Age over 50
Blacks>whites»asians
Hormonal Factors

23
Q

Gross presentation of Prostatic Carcinoma

A

Usually begins in periphery
Gritty and Firm on Palpation
Local invasion/Metastasis

24
Q

Microscopic presentation of Prostatic Carcinoma

A

Well defined, small, irregularly shaped glands
Glands lines with single layer of cuboidal
Randomly Distributed/Crowded
Often have foci of ductal acinar dysplasia

25
Q

Have are Prostatic Carcinoma metastasis in bones described

A

Osteoblastic

26
Q

What is the Gleason Score?

A

A gradation of Prostatic Carcinoma 1-10
Low – well differentiated
High – Poorly differentiated

27
Q

How is Prostatic Carcinoma diagnosed?

A

Transrectal Palpation/US and PSA

Transrectal biopsy REQUIRED to confirm

28
Q

Elevated PSA indicates that…

A

Prostate has extended beyond the capsule

29
Q

_______ may be an important differentiating BPH from cancer

A

Ratio of free to bound (% of free is lower in cancer)

Pathology -- Nephrology (12 decks)

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