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Urology Notes > Prostate Cancer and Prostatitis > Flashcards

Prostate Cancer and Prostatitis Flashcards

1
Q

who gets prostate cancer?

A

black men
70-74
FH (BRCA2)

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2
Q

most common type of prostate cancer?

A

adenocarcinoma

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3
Q

what causes most prostate cancers to grow?

A

testosterone

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4
Q

presentation of prostate cancer

A 
haematuria
haematospermia
bone pain
anorexia
weight loss
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5
Q

diagnosis of prostate cancer

A 
DRE 
PSA
TRUS biopsy (transrectal ultrasound guided)
MRI
nuclear medicine bone scan
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6
Q

why is a DRE good in prostate cancer?

A

most prostate cancers arise from peripheral zones

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7
Q

what causes PSA to be elevated?

A 
BPH
prostatitis
UTI
retention
DRE
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8
Q

what must be done before a PSA is taken on a blood test?

A

must have counselling

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9
Q

what is normal PSA?

A

<3.5

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10
Q

TRUS biopsy adverse effects

A

bleeding
sepsis
vaso-vagal fainting

needs multiple samples

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11
Q

what is the scoring system used in prostate cancer?

A

Gleason’s scoring

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12
Q

what is Gleason’s scoring?

A

histology from two parts of the tumour to give a prognostic index (scored 2-10)

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13
Q

management of organ confined disease

A

surveillance with PSA level monitoring
radical surgery
radiotherapy (EBRT, brachytherapy - iodine)

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14
Q

locally advanced disease management of prostate cancer

A

radiotherapy
hormonal therapy
surgery (castration)

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15
Q

metastatic disease management of prostate cancer

A

androgen deprivation therapy
steroids
chemotherapy
radiotherapy for painful bone mets

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16
Q

examples of hormonal therapies

A 
testosterone antagonists (bicalutamide)
GnRH agonists (goserelin and leuprorelin)
bilateral orchidectomy
17
Q

adverse of hormonal therapy

A 
hot flushes
sexual dysfunction
gynaecomastia
fatigue
OP
18
Q

adverse of EBRT?

A

risks proctitis when directed at the prostate

19
Q

risk in prostate cancer

A

testosterone surge

needs anti-androgen cover

20
Q

what is prostatitis?

A

infection of the prostate

21
Q

four types of prostatitis

A
  1. acute infection
  2. chronic infection
  3. chronic pelvic pain syndrome
  4. asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis/ incidental finding
22
Q

presentation of prostatitis

A 
pelvic pain
fever
myalgia
nausea
LUTS
sexual dysfunction
pain with bowel movements
23
Q

diagnosis of prostatitis

A

DRE may feel a tender, boggy prostate

MSU= microscopy and culture

24
Q

management of prostatitis

A

3-4 fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin/ ofloxacin)

TURP if abscess

25
Q

management of category 3 prostatitis

A

NSAIDs

long-term antibiotics

Urology Notes (6 decks)

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