Prostate Flashcards
Peripheral zone = \_\_\_\_% C\_\_\_\_\_ zone = \_\_\_\_% Transition zone = \_\_\_\_% Fibromuscular s\_\_\_\_\_? Capsule
70%
Central 20%
5%
Stroma
What are Corpus Amylacea?
- S_____ B______
- They can c____
- Mistaken for c______
Starchy bodies
Can calcify
Can be mistaken for carcinoma
Mucosal glands -
Open directly to the urethra
Sub mucosal glands
Drain through short ducts into the urethra
Main prostatic glands
Drains into the urethral via long ducts
Most common ____ of male cancer
Second highest ______ rate
Incidence
Mortality
BENIGN PROSTATIC CONDITIONS Nodular hyperplasia 1. Also know as \_\_\_\_\_ 2. Age? 3. Presented how?
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia
- > 50
- Nodules and proliferations
Nodular Hyperplasia
- intra_____ and s_____ chronic inflammatory cell infiltration
- P_______ tissue oppressed to form thin rim beneath the prostatic capsule
Intraglandular and stromal chronic inflammatory cell infiltration
Peripheral tissue opressed to form a thin rim beneath the prostatic capsule
NH Hormonal
- imbalance of oestrogen and t______ with ^ age
- 5a-reductase converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone
imbalance of oestrogen/testosterone with ^ age
prepubertal castration = prevents development of NH
5a-reductase converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone - administration - inhibition - smaller prostate size
symptoms of NH
- enlarged p_____
- ____uria and dysuria
- longterm?
- enlarged prostate
- nocturia, dysuria
- LONGTERM; UTI, renal failure
treatment of NH
- hormonal?
- enlarged prostate leads to?
- 5a-reductase inhibitors
- surgery
Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN)
-which part of the prostate?
- glands lined by dysplastic epithelium
- peripheral zone
Adenocarcinoma
- which part of the prostate?
- basal cell layer?
- size glands
- peripheral zone
- loss of basal cell layer
- smaller glands
- well-defined glands
WHITMORE STAGING
Stage A = 90%+ survival
Stage B = 80%
Stage C = 30 - 40%
Stage D = 20%
Stage A1: single impalpable lesion
Stage A2: impalpable, microscopic
Stage B1: palpable nodule in single lobe
Stage B2: palpabla nodules
Stage C1: localised disease extending beyond gland
Stage C2: localised disease
Stage D1: pelvic lymph node
Stage D2: bone metastases or distant spread
GLEASON GRADING
- 1 - 5 grading system
- added together
- 1 = small uniform glands
- 2 = more stroma between glands
- 3 = infiltrative margins
- 4 = irregular masses of neoplastic glands
- 5 = occasional formation
