Prosocial behaviour

Question 1

Any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person:

Answer 1

prosocial behaviour

Question 2

The desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper:

Answer 2

altruism

Question 3

The idea that behaviours that help a genetic relative are favoured by natural selection:

Answer 3

kin selection

Question 4

The expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future:

Answer 4

norm of reciprocity

Question 5

Much of what we do stems from the desire to maximise our rewards and minimise our costs:

Answer 5

social exchange theory

Question 6

The ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and to experience events and emotions the way that person experiences them:

Answer 6

empathy

Question 7

The idea that when we feel empathy for a person, we will attempt to help that person for purely altruistic reasons, regardless of what we have to gain:

Answer 7

Empathy-altruism hypothesis (Batson’s, 1991)

Question 8

What are the three basic motives underlying prosocial behaviour?

Answer 8

1. evolutionary psych 2. social exchange theory 3. empathy-altruism hypothesis

Question 9

The qualities that cause an individual to help others in a wide variety of situations:

Answer 9

altruistic personality

Question 10

The group with which an individual identifies as a member:

Answer 10

in-group

Question 11

Any group with which an individual does not identify:

Answer 11

out-group

Question 12

The theory that people living in cities are constantly bombarded with stimulation and that they keep to themselves to avoid being overwhelmed by it:

Answer 12

urban overload hypothesis

Question 13

The finding that the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help:

Answer 13

bystander effect

Question 14

What are the 5 steps to helping in an emergency?

Answer 14

1. notice the event 2. interpret the event as an emergency 3. assume responsibility 4. know appropriate form of assistance 5. implement decision

Question 15

The case in which people think that everyone else is interpreting a situation in a certain way, when in fact they are not:

Answer 15

pluralistic ignorance

Question 16

The phenomenom wherein each bystander’s sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witnesses increases:

Answer 16

diffusion of responsibility

Question 17

The qualities that cause an individual to help others in a wide variety of situations:

Answer 17

altruistic personality