Prosocial Behavior (Why do people help?)

Question 1

Prosocial behavior

Answer 1

any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person.

Question 2

altruism

Answer 2

desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper.

Question 3

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 3

is the attempt to explain social behavior in terms of genetic factors that evolved over time according to the principles of natural selection

Question 4

Kin selection

Answer 4

is the idea that behaviors that help a genetic relative are favored by natural selection

Question 5

norm of reciprocity

Answer 5

is the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future

Question 6

gratitude

Answer 6

the positive feelings that are caused by the perception that one has been helped by others – evolved in order to regulate reciprocity.

Question 7

Evolutionary Psych: instinct and Genes

Answer 7

1. kin selection
2. reciprocity norm
3. learning social norms
4. group selection

Question 8

Evolutionary Psych: instinct and Genes

Answer 8

1. kin selection
2. reciprocity norm
3. learning social norms
4. group selection

Question 9

Social exchange theory

Answer 9

argues that much of what we do stems from the desire to maximize our outcomes and minimize our costs.

Question 10

Social exchange theory

Answer 10

argues that much of what we do stems from the desire to maximize our outcomes and minimize our costs.

Question 11

empathy

Answer 11

putting ourselves in the shoes of another person and experiencing events and emotions the way that person experiences them.

Question 12

Batson

Answer 12

strongest proponent that people often help purely out of the goodness of their hearts.

Question 13

empathy-altruism hypothesis

Answer 13

when we feel empathy for another person, we will attempt to help the person for purely altruistic reasons, regardless of what we have to gain.

Question 14

empathy-altruism hypothesis

Answer 14

when we feel empathy for another person, we will attempt to help the person for purely altruistic reasons, regardless of what we have to gain.

Question 15

attachement styles.

Answer 15

refer to people’s expectations about the nature of relationships with others, based not he relationships they had with their primary caregiver when they were infants.

Question 16

secure attachment style

Answer 16

characterized by trust, a lack of concern with being abandoned and the view that one is worthy and well liked.

Question 17

altruistic personality

Answer 17

the qualities that cause an individual to help others in a wide variety of situations.

Question 18

in-group

Answer 18

the group with which an individual identifies.

Question 19

out-group

Answer 19

a group with which an individual do not identify.

Question 20

simpatia

Answer 20

refers to a range of social and emotional traits, including being friendly, polite, good-natured, pleasant, and helpful toward others.

Question 21

Good moods can increase helping for three reasons

Answer 21

(1) good moods make us interpret events in a sympathetic way;
(2) helping another prolongs the good mood, whereas not helping deflates it;
(3) good moods increase self-attention, and this in turn leads us to be more likely to behave according to our values and beliefs (which tend to favor altruism).

Question 22

urban-overload hypothesis

Answer 22

the idea that people living in cities are likely to keep to themselves in order to avoid being overloaded by all the stimulation they receive

Question 23

bystander effect

Answer 23

is the finding that the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help.

Question 24

diffusion of responsibility

Answer 24

the phenomenon whereby each bystander’s sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witnesses increases

Question 25

negative state relief hypothesis

Answer 25

holds that people will help only if there are immediate short-term benefits for doing so

Question 26

Communal relationships

Answer 26

are those in which people’s primary concern is with the welfare of the other

Question 27

exchange relationships

Answer 27

are governed by equity concerns.

Question 28

overjustification effect

Answer 28

suggests that those who volunteer for a requirement will be less likely to see their helping as intrinsically motivated and may volunteer less in the future

Question 29

According to social exchange theory, relationships are best understood by?

Answer 29

People desire to maximize their benefits and minimize their coast

Question 30

Batson’s empathy-altruism hypothesis states that we will help a victim of misfortune regardless of weather helping is in our best interest if?

Answer 30

We experience the victim’s pain and suffering

Question 31

People in interdependent culture are______ likely to help members of the ______ than are people in individualistic culture.

Answer 31

1. Less

2. Out-group

Question 32

Mood on helping behavior is ?

Answer 32

Both good and bad moods can increase helping.

Question 33

Having identified a situation as clear emergency requiring help, help may still be inhibited by?

Answer 33

Diffusion of responsibility