Aggression Flashcards
Aggression
Any intentional behavior that causes a psychological or physical harm to others.
Aggression
Any intentional behavior that causes a psychological or physical harm to others.
hostile aggression
act of aggression stemming from feelings of anger and aimed at inflicting pain or injury.
instrumental aggression
hurting takes place as a means to some goal other than casing pain. (rugby)(boxing)
Hobbes take on aggression
it’s in human nature, and each seek their own self-interest
Rousseau take on aggression
not instinctive and is changed by changes in society.
Freud on aggression
elaborated Hobbes, humans are born with instinct towards life
Eros
instinct towards life
Thanatos
instinct towards death
hydrolic theory
Frued “the analogy is to water pressure building up in a container: unless energy is released, it will produce some sort of explosion.”
Evolutionary take on aggression
males act aggressively for two reasons:
- to establish dominance over other males.
- aggress “jealously” to ensure that their mate are not copulating with others.
Evolutionary take on aggression #1
males act aggressively for two reasons:
- to establish dominance over other males.
- aggress “jealously” to ensure that their mate are not copulating with others.
Evolutionary take on aggression #2
is an optional strategy. it is determined by the anima’s previous social experiences as well s by the specific social context in which the animal finds itself.
Aggression between genders
women are much less likely to behave aggressively in non provocative circumstances than men are. when they do, they feel more guilt or anxiety than men do.
Men vs. Women aggression
men involve in more overt aggression (violence e.g. fights). Women tend to be more involved in covert aggression (non-violent e.g. gossiping, backbiting)
frustration-aggression theory
people’s perception that they are being prevented from attaining a goal will increase the probability oft heir responding aggressively.
frustration is not the same as deprivation
children who don’t have toys do not aggress more than children who do. in toy experiment, aggression occurred because children had reason to expect to play with the toys and their expectation was thwarted.
relative deprivation
perception that you (or your group) have less than you deserve, less than what you have been led to expect, or less than what people similar to you have.
social learning theory
we learn social behavior by observing others and imitating them
Children influenced by TV violence
yes
as well as Adults?
yes
Scripts
are ways of behaving socially that we learn implicitly from the culture.
Why media violence affect viewer aggression?
- if they can do it, so can I
- “oh, so that’s how you do it”
- “feelings i’m having must be real anger rather than just simply having a stressful day”
- “ho-hum brutal beating; what’s on the other channel”
- “I had better get him before he gets me”
Catharasis
“blowing off steam” — by performing an aggressive act or watching others relives built-up aggressive energies and hence reduces the likelihood of further aggressive behavior.
