Propeties of Elements by Groups Flashcards
Aligned with Kognity
What are the shared propeties of group 1 elements?
They’re soft, reactive metals with low melting points. They can be cut with a knife, and the cut surface appears shiny but will quickly tarnish. They also react with water to form alkaline metal hydroxides, so the group is often called the alkali metals. They are so reactive, they are stored in oil to stop air and water reaching them .All the alkali metals react vigorously with water, producing a metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas.
Do group 1 alkali metals float?
Yes
Do group 2 alkali metals float?
No
What is the trend in group 1 alkali metals moving down?
Metals will become increasingly soft and reactive with water as you move down.
Define exothermic.
A reaction that gives out energy, usually as heat.
What’s an universal indicator?
A blend of different indicators that changes colour across the pH scale.
What is indicated when the universal indicator turns a solution purple?
This shows that the water has become a strongly alkaline solution.
State the properties of copper.
Copper is malleable and a conductor.
Describe Metals lattices, does it conduct electricity and why are they malleable?
Metals can be described as a lattice of positive ions in a sea of electrons. This is described as a metallic bond (not ionic bond). They conduct electricity because the electrons (not the ions) are free to move. They are malleable because the layers can slide over each other.
What’s the group number of the halogens?
Group VII elements
State the uses of various halogens.
Both chlorine and bromine are used as disinfectants. Iodine is also used in first aid kits and in operations to prevent the infection of wounds. Fluorine atoms are often found in medicinal drugs as they help the drug to enter cells. Halogen lamps are useful as they are more energy efficient than normal light bulbs as seen in the following video.
Provide a run down on the traits of Group Vll.
The elements in Group VII are reactive non-metals with low melting points . They react with metals to form salts; the name halogen comes from the term ‘salt-producing’. The halogens exist as diatomic molecules , simple molecules in which two atoms are joined together by a covalent bond.
Describe the density trend moving down Group Vll.
Density increases as you go down Group VII.
Does the reactivity of the Halogens increase or decrease down the group?
The reactivity of the Group VII elements decreases as you go down the group.
Identify the level of toxicity in halogens elemental form.
They’re toxic.
In a compound, will a more or less reactive halogen displace a more or less reactive halogen?
A more reactive halogen will always displace a less reactive halogen in a compound.
Halogens can react with certain metals to create ___ ___.
Halogens can react with certain metals to create metal halides.
Name a common metal halide.
Sodium Chloride.
What is the output of halogens and hydrogen gas?
Hydrogen Halide.
Define redox reactions.
Reaction in which reduction and oxidation happen at the same time.
Define spectator ions.
Ions that do not participate in a chemical reaction so are not included in an ionic equation.
What is the general equation for displacement reactions?
AB + C = AC + B
What are transition elements?
Metals from the middle section of the Periodic Table
What are general properties of transition elements?
High density compared to most other metals (scandium has the lowest density of all transition metals. It is 2.99 g/cm^3, which is greater than the densest Group l element. Another characteristic is high melting points. Mercury is a notable exception with a melting point of -39°C.
Name two transition elements commonly used as catalysts.
- Iron
- Nickel
What is one property of some compounds containing transition metals?
They are brightly coloured
Fill in the blank: Many transition elements and their compounds are used as _______.
[catalysts]
Which oxides of transition metals are mentioned as catalysts?
- Vanadium(V) oxide
- Manganese(IV) oxide
What group are noble gases on the periodic table?
Group Vlll
Name uses of neon and helium.
Neon is used in advertising signs as it glows when electricity is passed through it. Party balloons are sometimes filled with helium as it is less dense than air causing the balloons to float.
Name a general use of noble gases.
Being unreactive, the noble gases are often used to prevent reactions from taking place.
What are the coloured wavelengths released when noble gases are charged with electricity to create light?
How do signs glow utilising noble gases?
When an electric charge collides with some of the electrons in the noble gases, the electrons break free of their orbits and collide with more of the elements as they rush from one electrode to another. When they returned to their normal energy levels, energy is released as photons a.k.a. particles of light.
What are the various atomic numbers of the noble gases?
Helium has 2. Neon has an atomic number of 10 and argons is 18. Krypton’s is 36. Xenon is 54 and radons is 86.
What are the trends of the noble gases?
They are nonmetals with very low boiling points and it increases as you move down the group. At a gas state at room temperature and pressure. Very unreactive due to their stable electronic configurations. They’re monatomic. The attractive forces between the atoms are extremely weak and easy to overcome.
Can noble gases react?
Chemist discovered in the 1960s that it is possible for noble gases to form compounds under extreme conditions with reactive elements such as fluorine. Xenon, krypton and argon compounds have been made but no compounds of neon or helium.
Name a property that does not belong to Noble Gases alone.
Low density
Do transition metals when placed in water float or sink? Explain your reasoning.
They sink as they have high densities.
Fill in the blanks. Iron forms many __ compounds and is used as a __ to increase the rate of reactions such as those in the Haber process.
Iron forms many coloured compounds and is used as a catalyst to increase the rate of reactions such as those in the Haber process.
Describe iodine at room temperature.
At room temperature Iodine exists as a bluish black, lustrous solid that readily sublimes into a purple gas. It exists as a solid and are diatomic molecules.
What is a nucleon number?
The mass number.
Complete the following sentence: Fireworks often contain compounds of transition metals because they are __.
Fireworks often contain compounds of transition metals because they are coloured.
Atoms in Group Vll are bonded __.
Convalently
Which physical property could be used to distinguish sodium from chromium?
Density. Sodium is less dense than water where is chromium is more dense than water.
Describe the trend in density in Group l.
Density generally increases as you move down the group.
