Property Relations (3/3 MT) Flashcards
ACP, Co-Ownership, CPG
Property relations shall be governed in the ff; order
- marriage settlments executed BEFORE the marriage
- provisions of this Code (FC)
- Local Customs
kinds of property regimes in marriage
- ACP
- CPG
- CSP
- any other regime mixed up of cmobingation of those above.
- special or limited co-ownership
how to prejudice/bind 3rd parties w/ the MS?
the MS must be registered in the LCR [and] RoP where the MContract is recorded
Franz marries Jessa and obtains a personal loan without consent from Jessa and used the money for gambling and did not benefit the family.
[a]
loan obligation fell due. can Creditor go after the property regime of the marriage between franz and jessa?
[b]
what if the personal loan benefited the family?
No, it can only be satisfied by the personal/separate property of Franz
[b]
then it is chargeable to the common fund.
Franz and Jessa got married, and they signed a MS stipulating that Franz’s condo unit will remain his exclusive property
During the marriage, Franz took out a PERSONAL PERSONAL loan and it fell due and his condo unit was not enough to satisfy the debt
Can the creditors validly go after the common funds of franz & jessa?
Yes, while the registration of the MS prejudices 3rd parties, the C may validly go after the common fund for advances subject to reimbursement in case the debtor-spouse insufficient property to satisfy the his personal obligation
Art 80
If there is no contrary stipulation in the MS,
property relations of spouses shall be governed by Phil law [regardless of the place of celebration of the marriage] & their residence except:
- where both spouses are aliens (nationality theory)
- A couple from Japan marries in the Philippines but lives in Japan. Their property relations would be governed by Japanese law.
- w/ respect to extrinsic validity of contracts NOT situated in PHil [and] executed in country where property located (
- contract executed abroad relating to property outside phil
- If a Filipino couple enters into a contract regarding property in the U.S., the U.S. law will govern the formal requirements of that contract (like signing, notarization, etc.).
- w/ respect to extrinsic validity of contracts entered into in the Phil [but] affecting property situated in foreign country whose laws require different formalities for its extrinsic validyt.
- (contract executed in Phil for property outside)
- Example: If a Filipino couple signs a contract in the Philippines involving property in Japan, but Japanese law requires different formalities (e.g., notarization, specific witnesses), those requirements must be followed.
MS has been registed in the RoP & LCR but marriage did not take place. what is the effect?
GR: non celebration renders all stipulations in the MS void
XPN: provisions independent of celebration of marriage, even if no marriage, is still valid.
ex.
whereas (1) - donation by reason of marriage VOID
whereas (2) - support for common children VALID
What is the Rule on Donation by Reason of Marriage
- made by 3rd party in favor of either or both spouses
- SEPARATE deed of donation & governed by rules on ordinary donation
- NOT governed by the more than 1/5 limitation [but] subject to rule on reservation for sustenance and legitime
- VALID even in absence of MS
- REVOCABLE by donor in case marriage does not materialize/happen iow still valid
- Made between future spouses
- made in a valid MS
- MS must stipulate a property regime other than ACP
- property donated must NOT BE MORE THAN 1/5 of the donor’s present property
- if no marriage, then donation revoked by operation of law
who can be a donor in a donation by reason of marriage?
- 3rd party donating to either spouse or both of the would-be-spouses
- the other spouse can donate to the other spouse
is there donation between spouses not made in a MS?
Yes, provided that the MS stipulates a property regime other than the ACP, a donation by reason of marriage in a separate deed of donation between spouses is possible with the effect that
- donation is not governed by the 1/5 limit of present property,
- if marriage does not materialize it is simply revocable still valid
Instances where donation by reason of marriage may be REVOKED (Art. 86)
CCLAIR
- if marriage is NOT celebrated [or] judicially declared void ab initio [except] donations made in MS, which shall be governed by Art. 81
- contemplates ONLY donation in a SEPARATE DEED OF DONATION (if donation incorporated in the MS & no marriage, then is void ab initio not revoable)
- when marriage takes place without consent of the parent/guardian as required by law (Art 45(1) 18-20 w/o PC)
- when marriage is annulled (presupposes voidABLE) & donee in bad faith
- Art 43(3) is the more consistent application, that is, revoked by operation of law
- upon legal separation, the donee being guilty spouse
- exc when ground is adultery/concubinage, then void donation
- If donation is with a resolutory condition & condition is complied with
- Donee committed an act of ingratitude as specified by provisions of CC on donations in general
- if 2nd marriage is VOID (based on Art. 40 in rel’n to 52, 53), donation shall be revoked by operation of law when donee acted in BAD FAITH
- void marriage under Art. 44 (both in bad faith)] AND one previously obtained declaration of presumptive death, donation is VOID by operation of law
instances where donation by reason of marriage is revocable > 1
franz engaged to be married to jessa on june 2024 and donates in a separate deed of dination, a house later it was found that franz is already married to another and the marriage w/ jessa was judicially declared void.
until how long can franz revoke his donation to jessa? what is the prescriptive period?
- prescriptive period is 5 years from time right of action accrues (date of marriage was supposed to be solemnized)
so franz has 5 years from june 2024 to revoke his house donation and will be barred by july 2029
instances where donation by reason of marriage is revocable > 2
if donee (recipient) does not want to return the property donated, what is the remedy of the donor and its respective prescriptive period?
ex. franz in bad faith knowing that his 1st wife is still alive obtains declaration of presumptive death and contracts 2nd marriage with Jessa. Jessa donated a car to franz but later foudns out that his 1st wife is alive.
what is jessa’s remedy insofar as revoking donation is concerned
action to RECOVER [&] right of action accrues (begins) from finality of court order of DANM subject to the ff; prescriptive period
[personal property]
- 8 years from finality
[real property]
- 30 years from finalty
difference between donation on void marriages in
Art. 40 & 44 (void)
Art. 35, 36, 37, 38, 52, 53, etc (void)
art 45 (voidABLE)
40 & 44
- donation is revoked by operation of law
- bad faith is relevant
other grounds void grounds
- donation is revocable at the instance of the donor
- bad faith irrelevant
voidable grounds
- revocable & does not require annulment before revocation can be had
A & C are in an illicit rel’t of concubinage and adultery. can they still validly donate to one another?
no, DBM donations made between spouses living together in an illicit or immoral relationship (adultery/concubinage are VOID) at the time of donation is VOID
Marriages void under 52 where spoues previously obtained a DANM (Art. 40) but faulted to comply with the requirement under 51 & 52, is the donation by reason of marriage void as it is art. 40 based or revocable?
It is revocable with 5 years from finality of decision of nullity as prescriptive period
only on marriages void under 40 & 44 and donations by reason of the same are given, those donations are void, any other void marriages donation is revocable
can a bf & gf living together as husband or wife without a valid marriage donate to each other validly?
what if their marriage is declared void, can they now doneate?
No, every donation or grant of gratuitous title between spouses during the marriage shall be void except moderate gifts. this prohibition also apply to persons living together as husband and wife without a valid marriage. (art. 87)
even if marraige declared void (perez v. senerpida) the donation is void
which provision should prevail?
art. 43 (3)
“donations by reason of marriage shall remain valid, except that if the donee contracted the marriage in bad faith, such donation is revoked by operation of law”
art 86 (3)
“DBM may be revoked by donor in the ff cases:
3. marriage is annulled & donee acted in bad faith.”
Art. 43 which declares the donation revoked by operation of law is more consistent with the purpose of an annulment which is to penalize the guilty party (Dean Sta. Maria)
GR: L.S. the guilty spouse the donation is revocable with 5 years prescriptive period from decree of L.S.
XPN
if the ground was adultery/concubinage, donation is void
Rule on Ordinary Donation Between Spouses During Marriage
GR: OD (ordinary donation) is VOID regardless of property regime & regardless of the extent (if more of if less than 1/5) in proportion to the value of the present property
XPN: moderate gifts DURING family rejoicing
What is the rule on donations by either spouse of a common property to a 3rd party?
Art. 98
GEN: donation of common property requires consent of other spouse
XPN: no consent required for the donation of common property for;
- moderate donations
- for charity
- occasions for family rejoicing or family distress
Formalities required for DBM
[personal propety]
5k below - oral
5k above - written
[real]
public instrument
Rule on Contract of Sale between Spouses during marriage
so while donations between them are void, how about sale?
GR: husband & wife cannot sell property to each other
in donation, even if it is exclusive property, it is VOID to prevent undue influence
XPN;
- separation of property is agreed upon in the MS
- there is judicial separation of property