Property offences- ROBBERY.

Question 1

S.8 THEFT ACT 1968?

Answer 1

Steals and immediately before or at the time of doing so, and in order to do so, he uses force on any person or threatens force.

Question 2

ACUS REUS?

Answer 2

D must have appropriated property belonging to another.

Question 3

DAWSON AND JAMES?

Answer 3

Where D uses force, the amount of force can be small.

Question 4

IN ORDER TO STEAL?

Answer 4

Force must be used or threatened in order to steal.

Question 5

FORCE MUST BE USED OR THREATENED ON ANY PERSON…

Answer 5

It was accepted that force could be applied indirectly, for example, when D snatches a bag and V tries to hold on to it. This is a robbery, as in applying force to the bag, D is regarded as indirectly applying force to V.

Question 6

WHEN MUST FORCE BE USED?

Answer 6

Force must be used or threatened immediately before or at the time of the theft in order to steal.

Question 7

HALE?

Answer 7

Force or threat must not occur after the theft is complete. However, for the offence of robbery, an appropriation can be a continuing act and it should be left to the jury to decide when it has stopped.

Question 8

MENS REA?

Answer 8

Dishonestly- intention to permanently depriving the other of it, D must have intended to use or threaten force on any person in order to steal.