Property Offences Flashcards
Theft: governed by
S1 (1) theft act 1968
Theft: appropriation is governed by
S3 (1) theft act 1968
Theft: property is governed by
S4 (1) theft act 1968
Theft: belonging to another is governed by
S5 (1) theft act 1968
Theft: dishonestly is governed by
S2(1) theft act 1968
Theft: with intention to permanently deprive
S6 (1) theft act 1968
Theft: only one right has to assumed to be appropriation
Morris
Theft: appropriation can occur without the V being deprived of their property
Pitham
Theft: consent obtained fraudulently is an appropriation
Gomez
Theft: money is property
Coins and banknotes
Theft: personal property
Movable items
Kelly and Lindsay
Theft: real property
Land, buildings and fixtures/fittings
Theft: things in action property
An intangible item that allows people to gain access to benefits (bank account)
Theft: knowledge is not property
Oxford
Theft: wild creatures cannot be stolen
S4(4) theft act 1968
Theft: wild flowers are not property unless used for commercial gain
S4(3) theft act 1968
Theft: was not under obligation to deal with money in a particular way as it wasn’t stated for what it should be used for
Hall
Theft: D has an obligation to return property received by mistake
S5(4) theft act 1968
Theft: honest belief they had a legal right to appropriate the property
S2(1)(a) theft act 1968
Theft: honest belief that the owner of the property would consent to the D appropriating the property
S2(1)(b) theft act 1968
Theft: honest belief that the owner cannot be found by taking reasonable steps
S2(1)(c) theft act 1968
Theft: Ivey test for dishonesty
. What was the Ds actual knowledge and beliefs to the facts
. Would the reasonable and honest person consider this persons state of mind dishonest
Theft: treating the property as their own regardless of the owners rights
Lavender
Theft: intention to permanently deprive as it is an outright taking and disposal
Velumyl
Theft: under obligation to deal with money in a particular way
Davidge v Bunnett
Robbery: governed by
S8(1) theft act 1968
Robbery: the D must have committed a theft
Robinson
Robbery: the slightest appropriation is sufficient for a completed theft, as the D would have had a sufficient degree of control over the property
Anderton
Robbery: the D uses force before or at the time of the stealing
S8(1) theft act 1968
Robbery: a continuing act is at the time of the stealing, as the D is using force to get away with the property
Hale
Robbery: the D must use force or intend to put any person in fear of force
S8(1) theft act 1968
Robbery: a nudge or jostling is sufficient for force
Dawson and James
Robbery: the V doesn’t have to fear force. All that matter is the D intended them to fear it
B&R V DPP
Robbery: unnoticeable force is not force
P V DPP
Robbery: force can be applied indirectly
Clouden
Robbery: a threat of future force is insufficient, it must be there and then
Khan
Robbery: the threat does not have to be as the V imagines it
Bentham
Robbery: the force can be on any person
S8(1) theft act 1968
Robbery: it can be applied directly or indirectly to any person
Clouden
Robbery: the force must be used in order to steal
Vinall
Robbery: dishonest to appropriate property with an intention to permanently deprive
S2 theft act 1968 -then- s6 theft act 1967
Robbery: Direct intent to use force to steal
Mohan / vinall
Burglary: governed by
S9(a) and S9(b) theft act 1968
Burglary: an effective and substantial entry has taken place
Collins
Burglary: effective and substantial entry if he could handle the goods inside
Brown
Burglary: substantial and effective entry despite their body not fully entering
Ryan
Burglary: a building is an inhabited place such as a houseboat or caravan
S9(4) theft act 1968
Burglary: a building must be intended to be permanent, or at least to endure for a considerable time
Stevens v gourley
Burglary: a D can be a trespasser to a part of a building, due to not having permission to enter that part of the building
Walkington
Burglary: a person who is given permission to enter for one purpose but in fact enters for another purpose is entering as a trespasser
Smith and jones
Burglary: D had direct intent to trespass
Mohan
Burglary: reckless as to trespass
Collins
Burglary: conditional intent
Attorney general reference (no1 and 2 for 1979)
Burglary: a lorry trailer on wheels used for storage was not a building. As the non-removal of its wheels indicates it is a vehicle
Seekings and Gould