properties & performance Flashcards
what is amorphous and crystalline structure & give examples of each fibre structure.
amorphous is polymers in a random arrangement in large distances making them weaker, more absorbent, less durable, more easily deteriorated, easier dyed, and have softer handling than crystalline fibres.
eg - wool & viscose/ rayon.
crystalline is polymers that are packed closely together in a parallel arrangement making them stronger, less absorbent, more durable, stiffer, harder, less easily deteriorated by chemicals, and less easily dyed than amorphous fibres as there is less space between the polymers.
eg - cotton, nylon & polyester
what are the different types of fibers? and are they natural or synthetic?
wool (natural) , cotton (natural) , rayon (synthetic/ man-made) , polyester (synthetic) and nylon (synthetic)
what are the fibre properties of wool? and what are the end uses of wool?
wool is a natural fibre, that is derived from sheep. it is a staple yarn & has an amorphous structure.
due to its amorphous structure, it is weak, absorbent, less durable and can easily deteriorate, though can dry easier & have a soft handle.
wool can be high twisted, or low twists carded or combed.
if wool is high twisted and combed, it results in a worsted yarn that is fine, firm and smoother this can be woven in an end-use of a fine wool suit.
if wool is low twisted and carded, it results in a woollen yarn that has high bulk, soft handle and has good insulating properties this can be knitted into an end-use of a bulky winter jumper or woven into an overcoat.
what are the fibre properties of cotton? and what are the end uses of cotton?
cotton is a natural staple fibre with a crystalline structure with a 30% amorphous structure making it strong, durable yet able to dye and absorb.
cotton’s main properties include being comfortable, having a soft handle, absorbent and strong.
what are the different ways to manufacture woven fabrics?
the three main weaves for a woven fabric includes, plain, twill and satin.
what are the properties and end uses of a plain weave?
plain weaves are the simplest, so most common and cheap.
plain weaves have poor drape and will wrinkle. it is durable and has cool handle, making it comfortable in summer,
end uses of plain weave include;
- summer clothes (dress, skirt, short)
- work uniform
- bed sheets
what are the properties and end uses of twill weave?
twill weaves have a distinct diagonal line effect and is the most durable and tightly woven weave. it takes longer to set up thus more expensive and requires more yarn. it has a good drape, is most durable and comfortable in winter, end uses of twill weave include; - denim jeans - jackets - bedding - pants - protective clothing
what are the properties and end uses of satin weave?
satin weave has the smoothest handle, cold handle, and best drape. it wrinkles less and is delicate as it is usually woven with breakable multifilament yarns. end uses of satin weave; - satin dresses - satin bedding - reflective wear - furnishings - intimate apparel
what are the different ways to knit fabrics?
- weft & warp knits
what is are the properties & end uses of weft knit fabrics?
weft knit is the simplest, therefore the cheapest. they are less stable than warp knits, stretch and distort easily, softer in the handle, more absorbent, easy to care for, and very lightweight. end uses of weft knit fabrics include; - underwear - cardigan - knitwear - sports and leisurewear
what are the properties & end uses of warp knit fabrics?
warp knits are more complicated thus more expensive. they are stable, don’t stretch, and don’t distort as easily. they are smooth and hard to the handle.
warp knit fabrics can be subcategorized into tricot & raschel fabrics.
end uses of tricot fabrics include;
- lingerie, curtains, blouses
end uses of raschel fabrics include;
- nets for apparel, laces.
what are the different types of non-woven fabrics?
felt & bonded
what are the properties and end uses of nylon?
nylon is the strongest synthetic fibre with the highest percentage of crystalline structure. (85%)
it is abrasion-resistant, elastic, wrinkle and shrink resistant, and has low absorbency.
the end uses of nylon include;
- tents
- hosiery (stockings)
- parachutes.
what are the properties & end uses of polyester?
polyester is a synthetic fibre best known as a universal blender. it is strong due to its crystalline structure, has low absorbency, good elasticity and is wrinkle-resistant and has low shrinkage during washing. end uses of polyester include; - swimwear - rainwear - dresses - lingerie - sportswear
what are the properties & end uses of rayon?
rayon is a man-made synthetic fibre made of cellulosic wood pulp. it is a crystalline fibre, strong, abrasion-resistant, lustrous and is absorbent and dyes easily. end uses include; - formal wear - surgical wipes - nappies - bandages
woven fabrics or knit fabrics for apparel?
knit fabrics such as jersey knit are more soft, drapes well and has more elongation, in comparison to woven fabrics that are more durable.
properties of knit fabrics + give an example.
knit fabrics are warm, comfortable, stretchy and wrinkle resistant
what is woven fabric?
woven fabric is any textile formed by weaving. they are often created on a loom, and made of many threads woven on a warp and a weft. the main weaves include, plain weave, twill weave and satin weave.
what are some end uses of knit fabrics?
end uses of knit fabrics include leggings, tshirts, sweaters and underwear mainly knitted with single knit - jersey knit.
properties & end uses of wovens?
woven fabrics are strong, durable and rigid. this makes is good for an end use for work purpose clothes, denims and upholstery. examples of woven fabrics include canvas, denim.
what are the main steps in the production of non-woven fabrics.
non-woven fabris are made by forming fibrous webs from fibres, and then consolidating the webs, through bonding.
what is a suitable fibre, yarn and fabric structure for the end use of swimwear?
fibre; polyester blended with spandex –> high crystalline structure makes it strong, durable and less prone to shrinkage.
yarn; high twist more resilient, strong and smooth and quick drying.
fabric structure; warp knits as they stretch, and are more durable and compact.
what are some fibre innovations?
microfibre, optim fine, bamboo
what are some yarn innovations?
bicomponent yarn, colana,
what are some fabric innovations?
washable webs, sports wool pro, coolmax, thermolite.
finished may be applied for:
- enhanced fabric performance
- special purposes - serviceability & protection from environmental conditions.
what are two finishing techniques that enhance fabric performance you need to know?
- Teflon (soil and stain resistant finish)
- Proban (fire retardant finish)
What does Teflon protect? and what fibres are at risk of it?
Teflon is a soil and stain resistant finish that protects hydrophilic fibres such as wool, cotton and rayon and hydrophobic fibres such as nylon & polyester. Most soils are water and oil-based, and soiling results in the textile losing its brightness or whiteness.
What is Teflon?
Teflon is a superior water and stain resistant finish (for both oil and water-based stains). It provides a molecular barrier around individuals fibres to lower the critical tension so that it does not attract stains or soil.
how is Teflon applied?
Teflon is the application of a flurochemical to the fibre surface which individually coats each fibre. May be applied through Pad. The fabric is then immersed in a water bath with the flurochemical. The excess is squeezed out, and then the fabric is passed through an oven at 170 degrees celcsius where it is dried and curled.
what are the resultant properties of Teflon?
Teflon is an invisible shield, so it does not alter the appearance of the fabric, and it does not alter the natural properties of the fibre in appearance, hand and breathability, apart from absorbency and stain resistance. If stained, Teflon allows easy release of oil and water stains in laundering.
