Properties of Water, Solute & Solubility & Saturated Terms, Compounds Flashcards
What are Elements?
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
What are Compounds?
substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
Heterogeneous Mixture
A mixture that is not uniform in composition; components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture
Homogeneous mixture (solution)
a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout
Solvent
A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
Valence Electrons
Electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
Core Electrons
The electrons in the inner shells of an atom; these electrons are not involved in forming bonds.
The Octet Rule
States that atoms lose, gain or share electrons in order to acquire a full set of eight valence electrons
Intramolecular
within a molecule
Metallic Bond
a bond formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them; Metal-Metal
Polar Covalent Bond
A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally; Metal-Nonmetal
Hydrogen Bond
weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and another atom
Ion-Dipole
the charge of an ion is attracted to the partial charge on a polar molecule
Dipole-Dipole
attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules
London Dispersion
The intermolecular attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles
The Universal Solvent
Water- due to its polarity and ability to dissolve many different solutes
Cohesion
Attraction between molecules of the same substance
Solubility
A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solvent at a given temperature.
Saturated
Containing the highest amount of substance
Supersaturated
a solution that holds more dissolved solute than is required to reach equilibrium at a given temperature
Specific Heat
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celcius
Things That Effect Rate Of Dissolution
Agitation, Temperature, and Surface Area
Nonpolar Covalent Bond
a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally by the two atoms; Nonmetal-Nonmetal
Ionic Bond
Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another; Metal-Nonmetal
Intermolecular
between molecules
ionic (electrostatic) interactions
Attraction (or repulsion) of charged molecules
Surface Tension
the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and that tends to minimize the area of the surface
Adhesion
An attraction between molecules of different substances
Capillary Action
tendency of water to rise in a thin tube
Aqueous
dissolved in or containing water
Unsaturated
A solution that contains less than the maximum amount of dissolved solute in a concentration.
