properties of period 3 elements and their oxides Flashcards
What is the trend in boiling point for Period 3 elements from Na to Al?
Boiling point increases due to greater nuclear charge and stronger attractions between ions and delocalized electrons.
What type of structure does silicon (Si) form?
Giant covalent structure
Which Period 3 element has the highest boiling point and why?
Silicon (Si) due to strong covalent bonds requiring more energy to overcome.
What are the types of molecular structures for P4, S8, and Cl2?
Simple molecular structures
What holds together the monatomic structure of argon (Ar)?
Van der Waals forces
How does atomic radius change across Period 3?
Atomic radius decreases as nuclear charge increases.
What is the relationship between electronegativity and atomic radius in Period 3?
Electronegativity increases as atomic radius decreases.
What is the general trend of ionization energy across Period 3?
Ionization energy generally increases as nuclear charge increases and atomic radius decreases.
What is the dip in ionization energy observed between which elements?
Dip occurs between Mg and Al (2-3) and between P and S (5-6).
Why is sodium (Na) more reactive than magnesium (Mg)?
Sodium loses one electron more easily than magnesium loses two.
What happens when sodium reacts with cold water?
Produces hydrogen gas and a strongly alkaline solution (pH 13-14).
How does magnesium react with cold water compared to sodium?
Reacts very slowly, forming few bubbles of hydrogen gas and a weakly alkaline solution (pH 10).
What is the reaction of magnesium with steam?
Reacts much faster to form magnesium oxide and hydrogen gas.
What type of reaction occurs when sodium reacts with oxygen?
Vigorous reaction producing sodium oxide.
What is the melting point trend for Period 3 oxides?
Melting points vary; giant ionic lattices have high melting points, while simple molecular structures have low melting points.
Which oxide has the highest melting point in Period 3?
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) due to strong ionic bonding.
What are the properties of basic oxides like Na2O and MgO?
They produce strongly alkaline solutions when reacting with water.
What is formed when phosphorus pentoxide (P4O10) reacts with water?
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4), a strong acid.
What is the result of sulfur dioxide (SO2) reacting with water?
Forms sulfurous acid (H2SO3), a weak acid.
What happens when sulfur trioxide (SO3) reacts with water?
Produces sulfuric acid (H2SO4), a strong acid.
What type of oxides are Na2O and MgO considered?
Basic oxides
What type of oxides are SiO2, P4O10, SO2, and SO3?
Acidic oxides
What is the classification of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) in terms of acid-base properties?
Amphoteric oxide
What is the reaction of Al2O3 with acids?
Neutralizes acids to form salts and water.
What is the reaction of SiO2 with bases?
Forms silicate ions and water.
What type of bonds contribute to the high melting point of SiO2?
Strong covalent bonds
What is the pH of a solution formed by Na2O in water?
pH 12-14, strongly alkaline
What is the pH of a solution formed by SO3 in water?
pH 0-1, strongly acidic
What type of flame does sodium produce when burned?
Yellow flame
What type of flame does sulfur produce when burned?
Blue flame
What happens to aluminum in the presence of air?
Forms a protective oxide layer.
