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Advanced Chemistry > Properties of Organic Compounds > Flashcards

Properties of Organic Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the difference between an organic and inorganic compound?

A

organic compounds always have a carbon atom, inorganic compounds do not contain a carbon atom

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2
Q

What are the properties of an inorganic compound?

A

most have ionic bonds, higher melt and boil points, conduct electricity, water soluble, not flammable, react quickly

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3
Q

What are the properties of an organic compound?

A

covalent bonds, lower melt and boil points, do not conduct electricity, water insoluble, flammable, slower reactions

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4
Q

What is meant by a hydrocarbon compound?

A

a compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon atoms

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5
Q

What is an alkane?

A

all single bonds

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6
Q

What is an alkene?

A

one or more double bonds

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7
Q

What is an alkyne?

A

one or more triple bonds

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8
Q

What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons?

A

saturated hydrocarbons only contain single covalent bonds (alkanes), unsaturated hydrocarbons contain one or more double or triple bonds (alkenes, alkynes)

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9
Q

What are properties of alcohols?

A

polar (water molecules attracted), high boiling points, colorless, flammable

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10
Q

What are properties of carboxylic acids?

A

liquids or solids at room temp, solid at 10 or more carbons (“fatty acids”), high melting and boiling points, salts are water soluble, weak acids

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11
Q

What are properties of esters?

A

pleasant odors, polar, low melting points, formed from organic acids

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12
Q

What are properties of ethers?

A

polar, water soluble, flammable, inert (no reactions), used to be used as an anesthetic

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13
Q

What are properties of ketones?

A

highly reactive, make good solvents

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14
Q

What are properties of aldehydes?

A

polar, water soluble, pleasant odors

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15
Q

What are properties of amines?

A

fishy odors, colorless but turn yellow upon storage, small (about 4 carbons are water soluble), forms salts w/ acids, significant role in survival of life, part of proteins

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16
Q

What are properties of amides?

A

neutral, most are solids, derivatives or carboxylic acids, part of proteins

17
Q

How are amines and amides involved in death?

A

when an organism dies, proteins break down into compounds containing aminos

18
Q

What is an isomer?

A

compounds that contain the same exact number of atoms but have different molecular structures

19
Q

What are properties of hydrocarbons?

A

nonpolar (are not water soluble)
less dense than water (would float on top)
weak dispersion forces (1-4 carbons: gas @ room temp, 5-15 carbons: liquid @ room temp)
flammable and make good fuels

20
Q

What is a substituted hydrocarbon?

A

has one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by other atoms (ex. NO2, NH2, halogens)

21
Q

What is a functional group?

A

atoms or groups of atoms which react (ketone, alcohol, etc.)

22
Q

What is a use of alcohol?

A

drinking alcohols, fuel, sweeteners

23
Q

What is a use of carboxylic acid?

A

vinegar, solvents, food additives

24
Q

What is a use of esters?

A

cooking oil, perfumes, cosmetics

25
Q

What is a use of ethers?

A

solvent for fats and waxes, oils, dyes

26
Q

What is a use of ketones?

A

nail polish remover

27
Q

What is a use of aldehydes?

A

formaldehyde perservative

28
Q

What is a use of amines?

A

water purification, amino acids

29
Q

What is a use of amides?

A

proteins

30
Q

What is a use of alkenes?

A

ethylene fruit-ripener

31
Q

What is a use of alkynes?

A

acetylene torch

32
Q

What is a use of alkanes?

A

natural gasses

33
Q

What is a monomer?

A

atoms/molecules that bond together to form polymers (glucose, amino acids, ethylene)

34
Q

What is a polymer?

A

natural/synthetic substances composed of large molecules

35
Q

What is a use of polymers?

A

synthetic fibers, fiberglass, plastic

Advanced Chemistry (2 decks)

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