Properties of Matter - Separation Techniques Flashcards
What is Centrifugation?
What are the physical properties which enable it to occur?
Centrifugation is a process in which components of a mixture are separated by spinning the mixture at high speeds.
This is able to be done because of the different densities with the components in the mixture
What is Chromatography?
What are the physical properties which enable it to occur?
A process where a mixture is dissolved and passed through a filter paper that causes the component to travel at a different speed and separates them into different layers, this appears as coloured lines on the paper
This is able to be done because of differences in retention time/solubility/adhesion forces
What is Crystallisation?
What are the physical properties which enable it to occur?
Crystallisation is the process of converting a dissolved solid in a liquid into a crystalline state by freezing it or causing it to form a precipitate.
This is able to be done because of difference in solubility levels
What is Decantation?
What are the physical properties which enable it to occur?
Decantaation is the process of pouring off the liquid components of a mixture while leaving the solid component undisturbed. It can also refer to separating two immiscible liquids (not homogenous) through removing the layers by density
This is able to be done through the differences in densities.
What is Distillation?
What are the physical properties which enable it to occur?
Distillation is the process of separating a liquid from a solution by boiling it and then condensing the vapour back to a liquid
This is able to be done through differences in boiling points
What is Evaporation?
What are the physical properties which enable it to occur?
Evaporation is a process where a dissolved solid is separated from a liquid by heating the mixture
This is able to be done through differences in boiling points
What is Filtration?
What are the physical properties which enable it to occur?
Filtration is the process of separating an undissolved solid from a liquid or gas by passing it through a filter.
This is able to be done through differences in particle size
What is Fractional Distillation?
What are the physical properties which enable it to occur?
Fractional distillation is a special type of distillation used to separate liquids with similar boiling points (less than 25 degrees in boiling points) by heating the mixture at designated intervals
This is able to be done through differences of less than 25 degrees in boiling points
What is Magnetic Separation?
What are the physical properties which enable it to occur?
Magnetic separation is the process of separating magnetic and non-magnetic components of a mixture by passing it through a magnetic field.
This is able to be done through the differences in magnetic properties
What is Sedimentation?
What are the physical properties which enable it to occur?
Sedimentation is the process where undissolved solids settle to the bottom of a container containing a liquid
This is able to be done through differences in densities and requires a liquid and a solid
What is a Separating funnel?
What are the physical properties which enable it to occur?
The separating funnel is used to separate different liquids based on their density
This is able to be done through differences in densities of different liquid components of a mixture
What is Sieving?
What are the physical properties which enable it to occur?
Sieving is the process of separating solid particles through passing it through a barrier with holes based on particle size
This is able to be done through differences in particle size
What is ‘Solution’?
What are the physical properties which enable it to occur?
This is where a mixture is placed into a solvent and the components would dissolve into the solvent.
This is able to be done through differences in solubility levels
