Module 3 (Reactive Chemistry) Flashcards
What are the 5 common ways to observe a chemical change?
A solid is formed (precipitate)
A gas is evolved
Permanent change of colour
Disappearance of solid
Significant change in temperature
What is a physical change? What is an example?
Physical changes are changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition. In a physical change, there is no new substance formed and physical changes are easily reversible
An example of this is the boiling of water in which the form of the chemical changes from a liquid to a gaseous state, and no chemical bonds were broken in the process. It is also easy to reverse with little energy
What is a chemical change? What is an example?
a usually irreversible chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of the atoms of one or more substances and a change in their chemical properties or composition, resulting in the formation of at least one new substance.
Another definition could be the breaking down and rearrangement of chemical bonds.
An example of this is the electrolysis of water (Turning water into hydrogen and oxygen molecules), in which chemical bonds are being broken and rearranged. However, it is hard to reverse and requires a lot of energy
List three advantages of using models for chemistry
Any of the three:
Models can communicate observations and ideas to other people
Models help visualise ideas or abstract concepts
Models can be used to make and test predictions
Can be used to help illustrate and explain scientific theories or prove them wrong
List three disadvantages of using models for chemistry
Any of the three:
Don’t include all the details of the objects they represent
Models don’t behave like the things they represent
Accuracy is lost when trying to simplify things into a model
Approximations are used
Why do chemical reactions exist?
They exist because the law of conservation of mass states that matter can be neither created nor destroyed but merely changed from one form to another. In a chemical reaction, mass is conserved through the balancing of both sides so that the number of atoms of each element is conserved
What is a chemical reaction?
a process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products.
How is a chemical reaction formatted?
Reactants on the left side and products on the right side.
Reactants —–> Products
What are the three ways of representing chemical reactions?
Word equations - Chemical names only
Symbolic/ Chemical equations - Chemical Formulae only
Balanced Chemical equations - Number prefixes and states
Need to practice irl
What are the different state symbols?
Solids - ‘S’
Liquid - ‘l’
Gas - ‘g’
Aqueous (dissolved in water - ‘aq’
What is a synthesis/combination reaction? What would the general equation look like?
This reaction is where two reactants produce a single product. This reaction is typically accompanied with a release of energy in the form of heat and/or light
A + B —> AB
What are some (2) examples of synthesis reactions?
Hydrogen + Oxygen —> water
Magnesium + Oxygen —> Magnesium oxide
What are decomposition reactions? What would the general equation look like?
These are basically the opposite of synthesis reactions. Here, the reaction is where a compound is decomposed into two or more other substances. These decomposed substances can be elements or other compounds
AB —> A + B
What is an example of a decomposition reaction
Silver Bromide —> Silver + Bromine
What are the three types of decomposition reactions?
Thermal
Electrical
Light
Where can the energy required for decomposition reactions be derived from?
Heat, light or electricity
What is thermal decomposition?
Thermal decomposition is caused by heat. In this reaction, a chemical reaction occurs when a compound breaks down when heated. It is endomorphic
What is an example of thermal decomposition?
Copper Carbonate + Heat (In an equation, don’t have to mention) —> Carbon dioxide + Copper oxide
What is electrical decomposition?
Electrical decomposition is caused by electricity. In this reaction, an electrical current is passed through a liquid or solution to induce a chemical reaction
What is an example of electrical decomposition?
Electrolysis of water.
Water + electricity (In an equation, don’t have to mention) —> Hydrogen + Oxygen
What is light decomposition?
This type of decomposition is caused by light/photons. In this reaction, light or photons are used to break the reactants to form several products
What is an example of light decomposition?
Silver chloride +light photons (In an equation, don’t have to mention) —> Silver + Chlorine
What is a combustion reaction?
Combustion reactions are reactions in which substances react with oxygen and heat is released. It can often be referred to as an oxidation reaction. Typically a combustion reaction will involve a hydrocarbon. Combustion is a self sustaining chemical reaction that occurs at temperatures above those of the surroundings
What are (3) characteristics of combustion?
Emission of large quantities of heat and light (exothermic)
Formation of new substances
Inability to reverse the reaction