Properties of Matter Flashcards
What is property?
a characteristic of matter (a substance) that is used
to identify matter (the substance)
What are the two types of properties?
Physical property: a characteristic of a substance that can
be determined without changing the composition of that substance
2) Chemical Property: a characteristic of a substance that is
determined when the composition of the substance is changed and
one or more new substances are produced
Physical and chemical properties can each be broken down further into
qualitative properties and quantitative properties
Qualitative : a property of a substance that is
not measured and does not have a numerical value, such as colour,
odour, and texture; describes a quality
Quantitative: a property of a substance that is
measured and has a numerical value, such as temperature, height,
and mass; measures a quantity
Some qualitative physical properties are:
1.Colour
2. Taste
3. Odor
4. Texture
5. State
6. Malleability
7. Ductility
8. Optical clarity
9. Luster
10. Hardness
11. Brittleness
12. Crystal Shape
Some quantitative physical properties are:
- Density
- Melting temperature
- Boiling temperature
- Viscosity
- Solubility
- Electrical Conductivity
- Heat Conductivity
Matter can exist in 3 states: (a) _______, (b) ________, and (c) ______
o A vapour is a substance that is a solid or liquid at room
temperature, but has been changed into a gas form by heating it
solid, liquid and gas
the ability to allow light through
Optical Clarity
light passes through
Transparent
no light passes through
Opaque
the wavelength(s) of light reflected by a substance that our eyes detect
Colour
the way a substance smells
Odour
a measure of how much mass is contained in a given unit volume of a substance
Density
feel of a substance; how a substance feels to the touch
o Crystalline, powdery, granular, fibrous, flaky, waxy, etc.
o Examples: sugar is granular, hair is fibrous, sandpaper is rough
Texture
shininess or dullness; the way a surface reflects light
o Shiny, dull, metallic, greasy, glassy, etc.
Luster
Hardness
relative ability to scratch or be scratched by another
substance; resistance of a material to pressure
: breakability or flexibility
Brittleness
ability of a substance to be hammered into a thinner sheet or molded
Malleability
ability of a substance to be drawn (pulled) into a finer
strand
Ductility
ability of a substance to allow an
electrical current to pass through it
o High conductivity, low conductivity, etc.
Electrical Conductivity
Chemical properties:
1.Reactivity with air
2.Reactivity with water
3. Reactivity with acids
4. Reactivity with pure substances
5. Reactivity with pure oxygen
6. Toxicity
7. Stability
8. Combustibility
the ability of a substance to flow or pour readily; the
degree to which a fluid resists flow
Viscosity
_________: a change in the starting substance or
substances and the production of one or more new substances
There are 5 signs that a chemical change is occurring or has occurred:
There are 5 signs that a chemical change is occurring or has occurred:
1) _________________________ – a new substance has formed that has a different colour than the original substance
2) ____________________ – a new substance has formed that has a detectable odour
3) ____________________________________________ – a new
substance is produced in the form of a gas
4) ____________________ – a new substance that is produced does not dissolve in the mixture and shows up as a solid (solids formed
this way are often powdery and are called precipitates – they separate from a solution)
5) _________________________ – energy is released or absorbed during the chemical change, and is detected as a change in temperature or light
Chemical change
1) Change of colour
2) Change of odour
3) Bubbles are visible without heat
4) A new solid is seen
5) Change in temperature or light
