Properties of Matter Flashcards
Monatomic elements
Monatomic elements are those made up of only one atom. The prefx mon- (or
mono-) is frequently used in science. It means only one, or single.
Homogenous mixture
A homogeneous mixture is uniform in composition.
(e.g a salt-water solution)
Heterogenous mixture
A heterogeneous mixture has a composition that varies within the mixture.
(e.g pebbles in a glass of sand)
Solvent
A solvent is a substance in which a solute dissolves
Solute
A solute is a substance that dissolves in a solvent.
Suspension
A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture, with visible distinguishable parts, that forms when a substance does not dissolve significantly.
(e.g red blood cells in plasma)
Colloid
A colloid is a mixture of particles that consists of smaller clusters of ions or molecules.
(e.g milk is a colloid of a fat in water)
Discrete molecules
Discrete covalent molecules are small groups of atoms held together by strong covalent bonds, inside the molecule and weak intermolcular forces between the molecules.
Macromolecule (giant molecule)
A macromolecule is defined as a large, complex polymeric molecule formed by the repetitive linking of smaller chemical units called monomers. It includes proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, which are essential components of living organisms.
Sublimation
A change directly from the solid to the gaseous state without becoming liquid
Fluids
Gas and liquids as they have no shape
Filtration
A filter is a barrier that traps the solid components of a mixture, while allowing the
fluid component to pass through. The fluid that passes through the filter is called the
filtrate.
Evaporation
The process of a liquid being heated into a gas
Volatile
A liquid that easily becomes a vapour
Filtration
A filter is a barrier that traps the solid components of a mixture, while allowing the
fluid component to pass through. The fluid that passes through the filter is called the
filtrate.
Precipitate
A solid left behin evaporation
Crystallisation
The process of the precipitate forming a crystal
Decanting
The process of pouring off the liquid in a mixture once the solid has settled
Distillation
A process that separates the substances in a solution based on their different boiling points
percentage composition by mass of element
(mass of element)/(mass of compound) x 100
What property is typically associated with metals?
Metals are typically good conductors of electricity and heat.
True or False: Non-metals are generally brittle when solid.
True.
Fill in the blank: Metalloids have properties that are _____ between metals and non-metals.
intermediate
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of metals? (a) Malleability (b) Ductility (c) Poor conductivity (d) Luster
c) Poor conductivity
Name one common property of non-metals.
Non-metals are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity.
What do metals tend to oxidise as
Solids which create bases
What do non-metals tend to oxidise as
Gases which create acids
What elements are diatomic gases at room temperature
hydrogen ( H 2), nitrogen ( N 2), oxygen ( O 2), fluorine ( F 2), and chlorine ( Cl 2)
What are the noble gases
The elements are helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), krypton (Kr), xenon (Xe), radon (Rn), and oganesson (Og).
What elements are liquids at room temperature
Mercury (Hg) and Bromine (Br)
