Atomic Structure and Atomic Mass Flashcards
Location of protons
Nucleus
Charge of protons
Positive
Mass of protons
1 amu
Location of electrons
Electron clouds/energy levels
Charge of electrons
Negative
Mass of electrons
1/1840 amu
Location of neutrons
Nucleus
Charge of neutrons
Neutral
Mass of neutrons
1 amu
How many electrons fit into the first electron shell
2
How many electrons fit into the second electron shell
8
What represents the atomic number
Z
What represents the mass number
A
What represents the element
X
How is the number of neutrons calculated
Mass number - Atomic number
What are isotopes
Atoms that have the same number of protons (atomic
number) but different numbers of neutrons (and therefore different mass numbers)
are known as isotopes.
What are the properties of isotopes
Isotopes have identical chemical properties but different physical properties e.g mass and density
What is the most common carbon isotope after carbon-12
Carbon-14
What is a flame test
A flame test is a simple method that can be used to determine the identity of a metal in a sample.
How does the flame test work?
When heated, electrons are ‘excited’ and jump to higher shells or energy levels. When they jump back down to their ground state the energy is released as photons.
What colour does Li produce when heated
Crimson
What colour does Rb produce when heated
red-violet
What colour does Na produce when heated
A strong persistent orange
What colour does K produce when heated
Lilac
What colour does St produce when heated
Scarlet
What colour does Cu produce when heated
Green-blue
What colour does Ba produce when heated
Yellow-green
Continuous electromagnetic spectrum
A continuous electromagnetic spectrum refers to a range of electromagnetic radiation frequencies or wavelengths that cover all possible values without any gaps or interruptions. This spectrum includes a continuous spread of energies, ranging from very low-frequency radio waves to very high-frequency gamma rays, and everything in between, such as microwaves, infrared radiation, visible light, ultraviolet radiation, and X-rays.
Emmission electromagnetic spectrum
The wavelengths at which a substance emits energy
Lyman series
UV, principle quantum number = 1 (n=1
Balmer series
Visible light, principle quantum number = 2 (n=2)
Paschen series
Infared, principle quantum number = 3 (n=3)
What is a mass spectrum
A graph which shows the abundance of relative isotopes mass
How is a mass spectrum produced
Through a mass spectrometer
How does a mass spectrometer operate
Substance is vapourised so its monatomic. Then it is ionised by an electron gun and accelerated using a negative and positively charged field succesively. It is defracted by a magnet and then detected.
Substances of lighter masses will defract more or less
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