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Physics NAT5 > Properties of matter > Flashcards

Properties of matter Flashcards

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1
Q

WHAT IS THE SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

A

Different materials need different quantities of heat to raise their temperatures.

The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1^C.

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2
Q

WHAT ARE THE THREE STATES OF MATTER

A

Solid, liquid, gas

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3
Q

WHAT IS LATENT HEAT ENERGY USED FOR

A

To change state of a substance

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4
Q

EXAMPLES OF ENERGY BEING PUT IN

A

solids melting
liquids boiling

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5
Q

EXAMPLES OF ENERGY BEING GIVEN OUT

A

gases condensing
liquids freezing

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6
Q

WHAT IS SPECIFIC LATENT FUSION

A

Solid to liquid or Liquid to solid

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7
Q

WHAT IS SPECIFIC LATENT VAPORISATION

A

Liquid to gas or Gas to liquid

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8
Q

ENERGY QUESTIONS

A
  1. energy to heat up.
  2. energy to change state
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9
Q

WHAT IS THE BOILING AND MELTING POINT

A

boiling point - vaporisation, 100
melting point - fusion, 0

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10
Q

WHAT IS PRESSURE

A

Pressure is defined as the force per unit area

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11
Q

WHAT IS A GAS

A

Gasses are made up of tiny particles - atoms or molecules - that are widely separate and moving at speed

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12
Q

WHAT IS THE VOLUME OF A GAS

A

The volume of a gas is the volume of the container that the gas is in

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13
Q

WHAT IS THE PRESSURE OF A GAS

A

The pressure of a gas is caused by the moving particles hitting against the sides of the container. This applies a force over the area of the container

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14
Q

WHAT IS HEAT

A

Heat is a form of energy. It is caused by the movement of particles in a substance. The faster they move, the more kinetic energy they have. This increases the heat energy in the substance.

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15
Q

WHAT IS TEMPERATURE

A

Temperature tells us how hot a substance is. It is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

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16
Q

WHAT IS BOYLES LAW

A

The relationship between pressure and volume for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature.

PROCEDURE - the pump is used to increase the pressure (measured on the bourdon gauge). The oil moves up toe tube, compressing the gas into a smaller volume (measured on the scale). The pressure is then gradually reduced in steps taking measurements of the volume each time.

PxV is constant

P1V1 = P2V2

17
Q

WHAT IS GAY-LUSSACS LAW

A

The relationship between pressure and temperature for a fixed mass of gas at constant volume.

PROCEDURE - Water is heated, this heats the gas in the flask placed in the water. Pressure readings are taken from the bourdon gauge at different temperatures, measured on the thermometer.

The graph of PxV is a straight line but doesn’t go through the origin. If we draw it back until it meets the temperature axis, it cuts at -273. If we start our temperature scale at -273, and call it zero kelvin we have a straight line through the origin.

P1/T1 = P2/T2

18
Q

WHAT IS ABSOLUTE ZERO

A

At 0 degrees Kelvin, the pressure of a gas is zero. Pressure is caused by particles moving and hitting into the sides of the container. If the pressure is zero, this means the particles have stopped moving.
Because the particles can’t move any less than ‘not moving’, 0 Kelvin is the lowest proper temperature.

19
Q

HOW TO CONVERT BETWEEN KELVIN AND DEGREES CELCIUS

A

Kelvin to degrees = -273
degrees to kelvin = +273

20
Q

WHAT IS CHARLES’ LAW

A

Relationship between volume and temperature when a fixed mass of gas is at constant pressure.

PROCEDURE - The temperature of the water is increased, as we measure on the thermometer. When heated, the gas in the conical flask heats up, and expands and pushes the mercury plug up the tube. The linear scale gives a measure of the volume of the trapped gas.

The graph of VxT is a straight line but not through the origin. If we draw the line backwards until it meets the temperature it cuts at -273. If we start at 0 Kelvin we have a straight line through the origin. As long as we write in kelvin we can use

V1/T1 = V2/T2

21
Q

WHAT IS AIR PRESSURE

A

Air particles exert pressure. Air pressure is caused by the weight of air above exerting force on the air molecules at sea level or ground

22
Q

TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE EXPLAINED

A

The pressure of a gas is caused by the moving particles hitting against the sides of the container. This applies a force over the area of the container so we have the pressure.

The temperature (how hot something is) of a gas is a measure of the particles. The faster the particles are moving, the higher the temperature of the gas.

Cool gas - fewer and less energetic collisions

Hot gas - more and more energetic collisions

23
Q

PxV graph

A

CURVED LINE

Px1/V is straight line through origin

24
Q

WHEN IS THE GENERAL GAS EQUATION USED

A

If pressure, volume and temperature are changing.

P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

25
Q

BOYLES LAW IN KINETIC THEORY

A

Fixed mass of gas compressed in a sealed container:

  • Volume decreases.
  • Molecules move at same velocity so there is more collisions per second with the container wall.
  • Force applied to walls increases, pressure increases.
26
Q

GAY-LUSSACS LAW IN KINETIC THEORY

A

Fixed mass of gas is heated in a sealed container:

  • Temperature increases.
  • Average Ek of molecules increases, molecules move faster.
  • hit walls harder and faster.
  • Force applied to walls increase, pressure increases.
27
Q

CHARLES’ LAW IN KINETIC THEORY

A

Fixed mass of gas heated in a sealed container:

  • Temperature increases.
  • Average Ek of molecules increases, molecules move faster.
  • Gas must expand to keep pressure the same.
  • Volume increases
28
Q

EXAMPLE: WHY DOES PRESSURE OF A GAS FALL IF VOLUME INCREASES

A

The distance between the gas molecules increases if the volume increases, so there is less collisions between them.

29
Q

WHAT IS PRESSURE DEFINED AS

A

The pressure acting on a surface is defined as the force acting at right angles on a unit area of a surface.

30
Q

WHAT DO YOU NEED YO DO CHARLES LAW EXPERIMENT

A

Water, capillary tube, mercury plug, gas, thermometer, linear scale

31
Q

WHAT DO YOU NEED TO DO GAY LUSSACS EXPERIMENT

A

Flask, gas, water, bourdon gage, thermometer, compression on top of the air

32
Q

WHAT DO YOU NEED TO HAVE TO DO BOYLES LAW

A

Oil, glass tube, pump, bourdon gauge, linear scale

Physics NAT5 (7 decks)

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