Properties of Matter Flashcards
Are normally considered to be fairly rigid, having definite shape and volume
Solid
Solids are usually thought to be dense, but they also can be finely divided and have little density.
True or False
True
Have the same density as the solid state and have a definite volume. Assume the shape of their containers and can also flow from one point to another under the influence of a force
Liquid
Are characterized by low density and can also flow like the liquid phase and when placed in an evacuated container, it completely fills it.
Gases
Exists when the particles of matter have enough kinetic energy that at least some of their electrons become stripped away. Occurs at very high temperatures
Plasma
The basic chemical building blocks of matter are called
Elements
Was an English scientist whose atomic theory contributed to the development of a table of atomic weights and a mathematical basis for chemistry
John Dalton
Matter that is made up of small particles
Atoms
Oxygens are eight times as massive as hydrogen atoms
True or False
True
Atoms are never created, destroyed, or changed
True or False
True
The major components of an atom
Proton, Neutron, Electron
A group that consists of atoms of one element, or it may include atoms of two or or more elements
Molecules
If the atoms are of different elements the combination is called
Chemical compound
Is a charged particle consisting of a single atom or two or more atoms bonded together that have a mismatch in the total number of electrons compared to protons in their nuclei
Ion
Is an arbitrarily chosen mass defined as one unit
A relative mass unit
Is also known as the dalton (Da), especially in biochemical studies
Atomic mass unit
Is the number of particles in one mole of a substance
Avogadro’s number
Is defined a force per unit area
Pressure
Is the intermolecular bonding of identical particles
Cohesion
Is the intermolecular bonding of dissimilar substances through attraction at their surfaces
Adhesion
Liquids generally exists at relatively higher temperatures at the same pressure
True or False
True
Is an interpretation of the physical properties of matter that relies strictly on classical Newton dynamics.
Kinetic Theory of Matter
Solids that are arranged in a repeating pattern
Crystalline Solids
Is composed of particles in a three-dimensional pattern
Unit cell
Solids whose molecules do not form repeating patterns are called
Amorphous Solids
Is related to the tension force normal to the cross-sectional area of the wire
Stress
Is the amount that the wire stretches divided by the initial length of the wire
Strain
Is a measure of the material’s stiffness or resistance to change in shape
Elastic Modulus
Tend to crush or push the particles of matter together.
Compressive forces
Tend to cause layers of particles within the solid to slide parallel to each other like deforming a deck of cards
Shearing forces
Was an English physician and physicists best known for Young’s modulus and for his experiments with interference that proved the wave theory of light
Thomas Young
The maximum strain that can be experienced without permanent deformation is called
Proportional limit
The limit of reversible deformation
Elastic limit
The change from solid to liquid takes place at a predictable temperature called
The melting point
It is possible to cool a liquid to a temperature below its freezing point
True or False
True
The process of melting ice under pressure and then refreezing it is called
Regulation
Liquids and gases do not have fixed shapes because their particles have too much kinetic energy to be rigidly held in place
True or False
True
A change from solid to gas
Sublimation
rapid vaporization liquid to gas
Boiling
Vaporization at temperatures below the boiling point and above the freezing point
Evaporation
The pressure of a gas when the closed system has reached equilibrium is called
Vapor pressure
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Gas to Solid
Deposition
Represents the combination of temperature and pressure at which all three phases of water coexists
Triple point
