Periodic Motion Flashcards
Motion that repeats at a constant rate
Periodic motion
Position where the mass is at rest
Equilibrium position
Velocity is maximum as the mass passes through the equilibrium position, the spring force continues to decrease while gravity maintains a constant force on a mass
True of False
True
Friction that opposes the restoring force in oscillating systems produces
Damping
Below the equilibrium position, the upward pull of the spring is stronger than the downward pull of gravity
True or False
True
Periodic motion that is controlled by a restoring force proportional to the system displacement from its equilibrium position is called
Simple Harmonic Motion
The mass on the spring never goes farther from its equilibrium position than it was originally pulled, and a pendulum never rises above the height from which it was released. This maximum displacement is called
Amplitude
How many cycles the mass will complete in a unit of time
Frequency
Circular motion is similar to SMH
True or False
True
A simple or ideal pendulum consists of a mass suspended from an ideal string or a massless rod of length L called the
Pendulum arm
All the mass of an ideal pendulum is assumed to be at the end of the pendulum arm
True or False
True
The restoring force in a pendulum is the vector sum of the pendulum’s weight and the tension in the pendulum arm
True or False
True
In nonuniform circular motion such as that of pendulum, the vector sum of tangential and centripetal accelerations is its total acceleration
True or False
True
The restoring force of a pendulum oscillator from small angles is not dependent on the weight of the pendulum’s displacement angle.
True or False
False
The magnitude of the pendulum’s initial perpendicular displacement is the length of the side opposite to the initial angle 0
True or False
True
The period of of a pendulum is proportional to the square root of pendulum arm length and is inversely proportional to the square root of gravitational acceleration
True or False
True
A pendulum’s period is not related to the mass of a pendulum
True or False
True
The inventor of the first pendulum regulated clock, was a prominent Dutch scientist
Christiaan Huygens
A damped oscillator would not experience simple harmonic motion in the absence of all frictional forces
True or False
False
An overdamped oscillator can complete one cycle
True or False
False
When the oscillator and medium viscosity are matched so that the mass hardly overshoots the equilibrium point it is called
Critically damped
The frequency at which the force is most effective in increasing the swing amplitude
Natural oscillation frequency
Is indicated by large amplitude oscillations
Resonance
Result from the periodic application of a force to the system
Driven oscillations
Are oscillations of extended bodies
Waves
The material through which waves travel
Medium
An oscillation in the medium
Disturbance
Is a disturbance that displaces the medium along its line of travel
Longitudinal waves
Is a disturbance that displaces the medium perpendicular to its line of travel
Transverse waves
The regions where the molecules are pushed together have higher density and pressure than the average medium
Compression zones
The regions where the molecules are spread apart have lower density and pressure are called
Rarefaction zones
Longitudinal waves travel more rapidly through solid than through gases
True or False
True
Some mechanical transverse waves can pass through gases or liquids
True or False
False
Can carry information and energy from one place to another
Periodic waves
Is the distance from one peak to the next
Wavelength
Are longitudinal pressure waves that come from a vibrating body
Sound waves
Sound cannot travel through a vacuum
True or False
True
Is the amount of power transported by the wave the the square of the wave’s amplitude
Intensity
Scientists measure loudness in
Decibels (dB)
How high or low a sound is
Pitch
The frequency of the dominant note
fundamental
The multiples of this frequency
harmonics
is responsible for the change in frequency
Doppler effect
