Properties of Invert sugar, Glucose syrup Flashcards
What are the components of invert sugar?
Dextrose and Fructose (Laevulose)
These are isomers with the same chemical formula but different molecular arrangements.
How is invert sugar produced?
From the inversion (breakdown) of sucrose
Invert sugar syrups contain nearly equal proportions of dextrose and levulose.
What are the common concentrations at which invert sugar syrups can be purchased?
70%, 75%, and 80%
Invert sugar can also be produced on-site by inverting sucrose.
What is the process to produce invert sugar from sucrose?
A 66% sucrose solution is processed at 75° C for 1 hour with 1% hydrochloric acid.
How does the sweetness of invert sugar compare to sucrose?
Higher sweetness than sucrose.
What is the theoretical yield of dextrose and levulose from sucrose?
180.126 units of dextrose and 180.126 units of levulose from 342.236 units of sucrose.
What is the weight gain when sucrose is converted to invert sugar?
A little over 5 percent.
What is the solubility of invert sugar compared to sucrose at temperatures above 30 °C?
Higher solubility than sucrose.
What is glucose syrup also known as?
Confectioner’s glucose.
What are the two basic processes in the industrial production of glucose syrup?
Starch hydrolysis followed by refining of the hydrolysate.
What does starch consist of?
Anhydro glucose polymers in two forms: amylose and amylopectin.
What is the composition of amylose?
Comprises about 30% of maize starch, composed of units linked in the 1-4 position.
What type of linkages does amylopectin contain?
1-4a and 1-6a glucosidic linkages.
What does the degree of hydrolysis in glucose syrup indicate?
The dextrose equivalent (DE).
What does a dextrose equivalent (DE) of 42 indicate?
100 grams of dry solid acts as if they were 42 grams of dextrose.
What defines a high conversion glucose syrup?
Above 55 DE.
What is mutarotation?
The gradual change in optical rotation of glucose solutions to an equilibrium point.
What is the equilibrium composition of glucose anomers in solution?
36% α anomer and 64% β anomer.
What type of glucose does dextrose include?
D-Glucose.
How does the solubility of dextrose compare to sucrose at low temperatures?
Much less than that of sucrose.
At 0 degrees Celsius, how much dextrose is soluble in 100 grams of water?
54.32 grams.
What is the density of sugar solutions expressed as?
True or apparent density.
How is true density defined?
Weight in grams of a milliliter of solution.
What is the range of refractive indices for dextrose solutions?
1.33 to 1.48 for 0-80% by weight in air.
