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MED ORG LABORATORY > PROPERTIES > Flashcards

PROPERTIES Flashcards

1
Q

• Non-polar
• Insoluble in water
• Less dense than water
• Soluble in organic solvents (Non-
polar)
• Low Melting and Boiling point
• Physical State:
• 4C and below = gas
• 5-17C = liquid
• 18 and above = solid
—-SINGLE BOND—-

A

ALKANE

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2
Q

• Non-polar
• Insoluble in water
• Less dense than water
• Soluble in organic solvents (Non-
polar)
• Low Melting and Boiling point
• Physical State:
• 4C and below = gas
• 5-17C = liquid
• 18 and above = solid
—DOUBLE BONDS——

A

ALKENE

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3
Q

• Non-polar
• Insoluble in water
• Less dense than water
• Soluble in organic solvents (Non-
polar)
• Low Melting and Boiling point
• Physical State:
• 4C and below = gas
• 5-17C = liquid
• 18 and above = solid
—-TRIPLE BOND—-

A

ALKYNE

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4
Q

• Miscible with water
• Low melting and boiling point
• Volatile liquid
• As C increases, solubility in waer
decreases

A

ALCOHOL

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5
Q

Slightly polar, can create -H bonds with water
• Smalls aldehyde and ketones are soluble in water
• Large ones are less polar and dissolve readily in non-polar solvents
• Have strong odors (Pungent for aldehydes and fragrant or fruity for ketones)
• Higher BP and MP than hydrocarbons but have lower BP and MP than alcohol

A

ALDEHYDE and KETONE

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6
Q

• Slightly polar and slightly soluble in water
• More soluble in non-polar solvents
• Cannot form -H bonds
• Bp is similar to alkanes

A

ETHER

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7
Q

• Non-polar and insoluble in water
• High melting and boiling point
• Flammable

A

AROMATIC HYDROCARBON

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8
Q

• Polar
• Soluble in water
• High boiling and melting point
• Strong odor

A

CARBOXYLIC ACID

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9
Q

• More polar than ether but less polar than alcohols
• Fairly soluble in water

A

ESTER

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10
Q

• Primary (RNH2)
• Secondary (R2NH)
• Tertiary (R3N)
• Polar, water soluble because of -H
bonding interactions with water
molecules
• Water solubility decreases as chain
length increases and the degree of N-substitution increases

A

AMINE

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11
Q

• Reaction between a carboxylic acid and an amine
• Contains a carbonyl group and have the N-C and N-H bonds that contribute to an overall very polar molecule
• Small amides are soluble in water, as the length increases
• Soluble in water decreases

A

AMIDE

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12
Q

• Non-polar, insoluble in water little due to little association with water
• Soluble in organic solvents
• Low BP

A

THIOL

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13
Q

• Polar but insoluble in water
• Soluble in organic solvents

A

HALOALKANE

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14
Q

FACTORS INFLUENCING DRUG ABSORPTION (PHYSICO-CHEMICAL FACTORS)

A

• Solubility of the drug
• Nature of the drug
• pH of the drug (like dissolves like)
• pKa of the drug

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15
Q

• Lipid soluble drugs
• Easily cross biological membranes • Non-ionized or non-polar

A

LIPOPHILIC DRUGS

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16
Q

• Water soluble drugs
• Ionized or polar drugs
• Cannot easily cross biological membranes, these drugs
can cross the lipid bilayer only via facilitated transport

A

HYDROPHILIC DRUGS

17
Q

2 RULES

A

The more lipid soluble the drug – more absorption

The more water soluble the drug – less absorption

18
Q

A substance will become more lipid soluble in a solution with a pH similar to its own pH

A

pH of the Drug

19
Q

• Become more non ionized in acidic pH and ionized in basic pH
• Better absorbed in acidic media
• A weak acid is more lipid soluble in acidic solution
• Example: Aspirin is better absorbed in the stomach
• A weak acid is more water soluble in basic solution

A

ACIDIC DRUGS

20
Q

• Become more non ionized in basic pH and ionized in acidic pH
• A weak base is more lipid soluble in basic solution
• Example: Diazepam is better absorbed in the intestine • A weak base is more water soluble in an acidic solution

A

BASIC DRUGS

21
Q

• Become more non ionized in basic pH and ionized in acidic pH
• A weak base is more lipid soluble in basic solution
• Example: Diazepam is better absorbed in the intestine • A weak base is more water soluble in an acidic solution

A

BASIC DRUGS

MED ORG LABORATORY (2 decks)

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