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Pronouns Flashcards

Gender of Nouns, Plural Nouns, Subject Pronouns, Objects Pronouns, DIrect Object Pronouns

1
Q

MASCULINE nouns usually ends in

A

O

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2
Q

FEMININE nouns usually ends in

A

A

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3
Q

Can you or can you not predict the gender of non-living things?

A

No
-> Hence, learn a noun together with its definite article

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4
Q

Mas. Definite Article

A

El

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5
Q

Fem. Definite Article

A

La

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6
Q

Noun ending in CONSONANT

A

Masculine

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7
Q

Noun ending in CONSONANT (not always but often)

A

Masculine

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8
Q

Noun ending in
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- UMBRE

A

Feminine

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9
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- ____
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- UMBRE

A
  • CION
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10
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- _____
- UMBRE

A
  • TUD
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11
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- ____
- TAD
- TUD
- UMBRE

A
  • DAD
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12
Q

Some nounds ending in -o are considered fem. For example

A
  • la mano
  • la radio
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13
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
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14
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
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15
Q

Some nouns ending in -o are considered fem. For example

A
  • la mano
  • la radio
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16
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
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17
Q

Which one is correct?
El doktor o la doktora

A

Both are correct.
- Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.

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17
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

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18
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
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18
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

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18
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
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18
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
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19
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a VOWEL

A

Add S

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19
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in -z

A

Add ES & change z to C
- Tapiz –> tapices
- Actriz –> Actrices

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20
Plural Nouns: Two or more nouns of different gender
As long as there is **a male on the mix**, use masculine noun. - 2 perros + 6 perras = 8 perrOS - 1 gato + 8 gatas = 9 gatOS
21
Make it plural: Verb ends in -ión
Add ES & drop the accent - Avión --> aviones - Sección --> secciones
21
Plural Nouns: Compound nouns are always? Eg. of Compound Noun - Abre + latas = abrelatas (open + cans = can openes)
Compound nouns are always masculine. - el abrelatas - los abrelatas
22
Articles changes from singular to plural as well.
23
Articles changes from singular to plural as well. Make it plural: El (the - masc.)
Los
24
Articles changes from singular to plural as well. Make it plural: La (the - fem.)
Las
25
Articles changes from singular to plural as well. Make it plural: Un (a, an, one - masc.)
Unos
26
Feminine Nouns - SION - CION - DAD - TAD - TUD - _____
- UMBRE
26
MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.
- el dia - el mapa - el planeta - el sofa
26
Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT
Add ES
26
Articles changes from singular to plural as well. Make it plural: Una (a, an, one - fem.)
Unas
26
Articles changes from singular to plural as well. Make it plural: El (the - masc.)
Los
27
Conjugations
Subject pronoun + Verb - I speak, we dance, they cook
28
Singular Pronouns
- Yo - Él - Ella - Usted - Tú
29
Yo means
I
30
Él means
he
31
Ella means
she
32
Él means
He
33
Ella means
She
34
Usted means
Formal You
35
Tú means
Informal You
36
Plural Pronouns
- Ustedes - Vosotros/Vosotras - Nostros/Nostras - Ellos/Ellas
37
Ustedes means
You-all Formal (In English = You kids, you students, etc.)
38
Vosotros
39
Vosotros/Vosotras means
You-all informal - Vosotros: at least one male in the group - Vosotras: all girls group
40
Nostros/Nostras
- Nostros: We (masc) - Nostras: We (fem)
41
Vosotros/Vosotras means
You-all informal - Vosotros: at least one male in the group - Vosotras: all girls group
42
Nostros/Nostras means
- Nostros: We (masc) - Nostras: We (fem)
43
Feminine Nouns - SION - CION - DAD - TAD - TUD - _____
- UMBRE
43
Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT
Add ES
43
MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.
- el dia - el mapa - el planeta - el sofa
44
Which one is correct? El doktor o la doktora
Both are correct. - Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.
44
MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.
- el dia - el mapa - el planeta - el sofa
44
Feminine Nouns - SION - CION - DAD - TAD - TUD - _____
- UMBRE
44
Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT
Add ES
45
MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.
- el dia - el mapa - el planeta - el sofa
45
Feminine Nouns - SION - CION - DAD - TAD - TUD - _____
- UMBRE
45
Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT
Add ES
46
Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT
Add ES
46
MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.
- el dia - el mapa - el planeta - el sofa
46
Which one is correct? El doktor o la doktora
Both are correct. - Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.
46
Feminine Nouns - SION - CION - DAD - TAD - TUD - _____
- UMBRE
47
Feminine Nouns - SION - CION - DAD - TAD - TUD - _____
- UMBRE
47
Which one is correct? El doktor o la doktora
Both are correct. - Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.
47
MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.
- el dia - el mapa - el planeta - el sofa
48
Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT
Add ES
49
Feminine Nouns - SION - CION - DAD - TAD - TUD - _____
- UMBRE
49
Which one is correct? El doktor o la doktora
Both are correct. - Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.
49
MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.
- el dia - el mapa - el planeta - el sofa
49
Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT
Add ES
50
Feminine Nouns - SION - CION - DAD - TAD - TUD - _____
- UMBRE
50
MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.
- el dia - el mapa - el planeta - el sofa
50
Which one is correct? El doktor o la doktora
Both are correct. - Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.
50
Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT
Add ES
51
# Pronouns as Object Preposition Prnouns are used as
An object
52
Feminine Nouns - SION - CION - DAD - TAD - TUD - _____
- UMBRE
52
MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.
- el dia - el mapa - el planeta - el sofa
52
Which one is correct? El doktor o la doktora
Both are correct. - Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.
52
# Pronouns as Object Preposition Prnouns are used as
An object
52
Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT
Add ES
53
Obj. Prep. Pronouns are
- Mí - Ti - El - Ella - Usted - Nostros/ras - Vostros/ras | It's similar to subject pronouns except for the "me" (mí) and "you" (ti)
54
MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.
- el dia - el mapa - el planeta - el sofa
54
Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT
Add ES
54
Feminine Nouns - SION - CION - DAD - TAD - TUD - _____
- UMBRE
54
Which one is correct? El doktor o la doktora
Both are correct. - Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.
54
# Pronouns as Object Preposition Prnouns are used as
An object
55
MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.
- el dia - el mapa - el planeta - el sofa
55
Which one is correct? El doktor o la doktora
Both are correct. - Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.
55
Feminine Nouns - SION - CION - DAD - TAD - TUD - _____
- UMBRE
55
Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT
Add ES
55
# Pronouns as Object Preposition Prnouns are used as
An object
56
MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.
- el dia - el mapa - el planeta - el sofa
56
Feminine Nouns - SION - CION - DAD - TAD - TUD - _____
- UMBRE
56
Obj. Prep. Pronouns are
- Mí - Ti - El - Ella - Usted - Nostros/ras - Vostros/ras | It's similar to subject pronouns except for the "me" (mí) and "you" (ti)
56
Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT
Add ES
57
Obj. Prep. Pronouns are
- Mí - Ti - El - Ella - Usted - Nostros/ras - Vostros/ras | It's similar to subject pronouns except for the "me" (mí) and "you" (ti)
58
MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.
- el dia - el mapa - el planeta - el sofa
58
Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT
Add ES
58
Feminine Nouns - SION - CION - DAD - TAD - TUD - _____
- UMBRE
59
Two Obj. Prerp. Pronouns different from Subject Pronouns
Mí & Ti
60
"**With Me**" in Obj. Prerp. Pronouns
Conmigo *Por que no vienes conmigo? (Why don't you come with me?)*
61
"**With You**" in Obj. Prerp. Pronouns
Contigo *No voy contigo, voy con ellos. (I'm not going with you, I'm going with them.)*
62
"With Him", "With Her", "With Them", etc. in Obj. Prerp. Pronouns. This is used when referring to the subject of the sentence.
Consigo *El llevo las plumas consigo. (He took the pen with himself)*
63
"With Him", "With Her", "With Them", etc. in Obj. Prerp. Pronouns. This is used when the pronoun is not referring to the subj.
Con + Pronoun *No quiero hablar con usted. (I don't want to talk to you)*
64
**6 Special Prepositions** that are followed w/ Subject Pronouns rather than Object Pronouns
1. Entre - between 2. Excepto - except 3. Incluso - including 4. Menos - except 5. Según - except *Según tú, las chica es bonita. Entre tú y yo, esta comida es horrible.*
65
Direct Object (DO)
Receives the action
66
DO Pronouns are used when
Pronouns replaces DOs. *1. Bill cheated on April. - Who did Bill cheated on? April - April is DO. We replace April with a pronoun. --> Bill cheated on her. 2. Juan tiene la pluma (John has the pen) - What does Juan has? Pen (la pluma) --> Feminine Noun, Feminine Pronoun - Pen is the DO. We replace Pen with a pronoun. --> John has it. Juan la tiene. = John has it.*
67
DO pronouns
1. Me - me 2. Te - you 3. Lo, la - it, him, her, you-formal 4. Nos - us 5. Os - you-all-familiar/informal 6. Los, Las - them, you-all-formal
68
DO pronoun in a sentence w/**one verb**
DO pronouns comes BEFORE a **Conjugated Verb** (subject pronouns + verb). *Tengo - I have Tengo la pluma - I have the pen La tengo - I have it.*
69
DO pronoun in a sentence w/ I as the noun
DO pronoun + Conjugated Verb (CV) La/Lo como (I eat it) La/lo veo (I see it) La/Lo compro (I buy it) La/Lo leo (I read it) La/Lo tengo (I have it)
70
DO pronoun placement in sentences w/ another noun
Noun + DO pronoun + CV *Juan la come. Maria lo tiene. (el libro) El chico la compara. (la pluma) Usted lo leen. (el periodico)*
71
Plural DO
Plural DO Pronouns *Juan come dos sandwiches. --> Juan las come. (Juan eats two sandwiches --> Juan east them.) La chica ve dos coches --> La chica los ve. (The girls saw two cars. --> The girls saw them.)*
72
Sentence Structure: Another Person as DO
Noun + DO pronoun + CV *Ella me ama. (She love me.) Ellos nos llamana. (They call us.)*
73
SENTENCES WITH TWO VERBS First verb
Conjugated
74
SENTENCES WITH TWO VERBS Second verb
Remains in infinitive form Ex. Poder (to be able) + pagar (to pay) Puedo pagar diez pesos.
75
Placement of DO if there are 2 verbs. First Method
Right before the conjugated verb. Ex. Lo quiero ver. Lo debemos comprar. Maria nos debe visitar. Juan lo necesitas lavar.
76
Placement of DO if there are 2 verbs. Second Method
Attach to he infinitive verb. Ex. Quiero verlo. Debemos comprarlo. Maria debe visitarnos. Juan necesitas lavarlo.
77
Where the DO is going; answers "to whom" or "for what"
Indirect Object (IO)
78
IO Pronouns
1. Me - me 2. Te - you (familiar) 3. Le - him/her, you (formal) 4. Nos - us 5. Os - you-all (familiar) 6. Les - them, you-all (formal)
79
IO placement in affirmative sentences w/ 1 verb
Right before the conjugated verb Ex. Juan me compra un regalo. Juan te compra un regalo.
80
True or false: IO remains the same, subject changes
True The subject attached to the verb changes while the IO remains the same. Ex. He buys me = me compra They buy me = me compran You buy me = me compras
81
Special problem of IO LE & LES
They are gender-less, making the sentences ambiguous. Ex. Le escribe una carta. She writes him/her/you (formal) a letter.
82
Prepositional phrase are used to: First purpose
Clarify sentences with Le &. Les. Ex. Ella le escribe **a Juan** una carta. Ella le escribe **a su hermana** una carta.
83
Prepositional phrase are used to: Second purpose
To give emphasis to the IO Ex. Juan me da **a mi** el dinero. Juan te da **a ti** el dinero. Note: use DO pronouns for the prepositional phrase.
84
Placement of IO with 2 verbs
1. Immediately before the conjugated verb 2. Attached to the infinitive verb.

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