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Pronouns Flashcards

Gender of Nouns, Plural Nouns, Subject Pronouns, Objects Pronouns, DIrect Object Pronouns

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1
Q

MASCULINE nouns usually ends in

A

O

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2
Q

FEMININE nouns usually ends in

A

A

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3
Q

Can you or can you not predict the gender of non-living things?

A

No
-> Hence, learn a noun together with its definite article

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4
Q

Mas. Definite Article

A

El

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5
Q

Fem. Definite Article

A

La

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6
Q

Noun ending in CONSONANT

A

Masculine

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7
Q

Noun ending in CONSONANT (not always but often)

A

Masculine

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8
Q

Noun ending in
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- UMBRE

A

Feminine

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9
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- ____
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- UMBRE

A
  • CION
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10
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- _____
- UMBRE

A
  • TUD
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11
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- ____
- TAD
- TUD
- UMBRE

A
  • DAD
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12
Q

Some nounds ending in -o are considered fem. For example

A
  • la mano
  • la radio
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13
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
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14
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
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15
Q

Some nouns ending in -o are considered fem. For example

A
  • la mano
  • la radio
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16
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
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17
Q

Which one is correct?
El doktor o la doktora

A

Both are correct.
- Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.

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17
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

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18
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
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18
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

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18
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
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18
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
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19
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a VOWEL

A

Add S

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19
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in -z

A

Add ES & change z to C
- Tapiz –> tapices
- Actriz –> Actrices

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20
Q

Plural Nouns:

Two or more nouns of different gender

A

As long as there is a male on the mix, use masculine noun.
- 2 perros + 6 perras = 8 perrOS
- 1 gato + 8 gatas = 9 gatOS

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21
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in -ión

A

Add ES & drop the accent
- Avión –> aviones
- Sección –> secciones

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21
Q

Plural Nouns:

Compound nouns are always?

Eg. of Compound Noun
- Abre + latas = abrelatas (open + cans = can openes)

A

Compound nouns are always masculine.
- el abrelatas
- los abrelatas

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22
Q

Articles changes from singular to plural as well.

A
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23
Q

Articles changes from singular to plural as well.

Make it plural: El (the - masc.)

A

Los

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24
Q

Articles changes from singular to plural as well.

Make it plural: La (the - fem.)

A

Las

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25
Q

Articles changes from singular to plural as well.

Make it plural: Un (a, an, one - masc.)

A

Unos

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26
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
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26
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
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26
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

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26
Q

Articles changes from singular to plural as well.

Make it plural: Una (a, an, one - fem.)

A

Unas

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26
Q

Articles changes from singular to plural as well.

Make it plural: El (the - masc.)

A

Los

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27
Q

Conjugations

A

Subject pronoun + Verb
- I speak, we dance, they cook

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28
Q

Singular Pronouns

A
  • Yo
  • Él
  • Ella
  • Usted
  • Tú
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29
Q

Yo means

A

I

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30
Q

Él means

A

he

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31
Q

Ella means

A

she

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32
Q

Él means

A

He

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33
Q

Ella means

A

She

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34
Q

Usted means

A

Formal You

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35
Q

Tú means

A

Informal You

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36
Q

Plural Pronouns

A
  • Ustedes
  • Vosotros/Vosotras
  • Nostros/Nostras
  • Ellos/Ellas
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37
Q

Ustedes means

A

You-all Formal
(In English = You kids, you students, etc.)

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38
Q

Vosotros

A
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39
Q

Vosotros/Vosotras means

A

You-all informal
- Vosotros: at least one male in the group
- Vosotras: all girls group

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40
Q

Nostros/Nostras

A
  • Nostros: We (masc)
  • Nostras: We (fem)
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41
Q

Vosotros/Vosotras means

A

You-all informal
- Vosotros: at least one male in the group
- Vosotras: all girls group

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42
Q

Nostros/Nostras means

A
  • Nostros: We (masc)
  • Nostras: We (fem)
43
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
43
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

43
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
44
Q

Which one is correct?
El doktor o la doktora

A

Both are correct.
- Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.

44
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
44
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
44
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

45
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
45
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
45
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

46
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

46
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
46
Q

Which one is correct?
El doktor o la doktora

A

Both are correct.
- Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.

46
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
47
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
47
Q

Which one is correct?
El doktor o la doktora

A

Both are correct.
- Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.

47
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
48
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

49
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
49
Q

Which one is correct?
El doktor o la doktora

A

Both are correct.
- Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.

49
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
49
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

50
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
50
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
50
Q

Which one is correct?
El doktor o la doktora

A

Both are correct.
- Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.

50
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

51
Q

Pronouns as Object Preposition

Prnouns are used as

A

An object

52
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
52
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
52
Q

Which one is correct?
El doktor o la doktora

A

Both are correct.
- Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.

52
Q

Pronouns as Object Preposition

Prnouns are used as

A

An object

52
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

53
Q

Obj. Prep. Pronouns are

A
  • Mí
  • Ti
  • El
  • Ella
  • Usted
  • Nostros/ras
  • Vostros/ras

It’s similar to subject pronouns except for the “me” (mí) and “you” (ti)

54
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
54
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

54
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
54
Q

Which one is correct?
El doktor o la doktora

A

Both are correct.
- Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.

54
Q

Pronouns as Object Preposition

Prnouns are used as

A

An object

55
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
55
Q

Which one is correct?
El doktor o la doktora

A

Both are correct.
- Titles directed to a person uses the form of both masculine and feminine.

55
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
55
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

55
Q

Pronouns as Object Preposition

Prnouns are used as

A

An object

56
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
56
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
56
Q

Obj. Prep. Pronouns are

A
  • Mí
  • Ti
  • El
  • Ella
  • Usted
  • Nostros/ras
  • Vostros/ras

It’s similar to subject pronouns except for the “me” (mí) and “you” (ti)

56
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

57
Q

Obj. Prep. Pronouns are

A
  • Mí
  • Ti
  • El
  • Ella
  • Usted
  • Nostros/ras
  • Vostros/ras

It’s similar to subject pronouns except for the “me” (mí) and “you” (ti)

58
Q

MEMORIZE: Four nouns ending in -a but are MASC.

A
  • el dia
  • el mapa
  • el planeta
  • el sofa
58
Q

Make it plural: Verb ends in a CONSONANT

A

Add ES

58
Q

Feminine Nouns
- SION
- CION
- DAD
- TAD
- TUD
- _____

A
  • UMBRE
59
Q

Two Obj. Prerp. Pronouns different from Subject Pronouns

A

Mí & Ti

60
Q

“With Me” in Obj. Prerp. Pronouns

A

Conmigo

Por que no vienes conmigo?
(Why don’t you come with me?)

61
Q

“With You” in Obj. Prerp. Pronouns

A

Contigo

No voy contigo, voy con ellos.
(I’m not going with you, I’m going with them.)

62
Q

“With Him”, “With Her”, “With Them”, etc. in Obj. Prerp. Pronouns.

This is used when referring to the subject of the sentence.

A

Consigo

El llevo las plumas consigo.
(He took the pen with himself)

63
Q

“With Him”, “With Her”, “With Them”, etc. in Obj. Prerp. Pronouns.

This is used when the pronoun is not referring to the subj.

A

Con + Pronoun

No quiero hablar con usted.
(I don’t want to talk to you)

64
Q

6 Special Prepositions that are followed w/ Subject Pronouns rather than Object Pronouns

A
  1. Entre - between
  2. Excepto - except
  3. Incluso - including
  4. Menos - except
  5. Según - except

Según tú, las chica es bonita.
Entre tú y yo, esta comida es horrible.

65
Q

Direct Object (DO)

A

Receives the action

66
Q

DO Pronouns are used when

A

Pronouns replaces DOs.

*1. Bill cheated on April.
- Who did Bill cheated on? April
- April is DO. We replace April with a pronoun. –> Bill cheated on her.

  1. Juan tiene la pluma (John has the pen)
    - What does Juan has? Pen (la pluma) –> Feminine Noun, Feminine Pronoun
    - Pen is the DO. We replace Pen with a pronoun. –> John has it.
    Juan la tiene. = John has it.*
67
Q

DO pronouns

A
  1. Me - me
  2. Te - you
  3. Lo, la - it, him, her, you-formal
  4. Nos - us
  5. Os - you-all-familiar/informal
  6. Los, Las - them, you-all-formal
68
Q

DO pronoun in a sentence w/one verb

A

DO pronouns comes BEFORE a Conjugated Verb (subject pronouns + verb).

Tengo - I have
Tengo la pluma - I have the pen
La tengo - I have it.

69
Q

DO pronoun in a sentence w/ I as the noun

A

DO pronoun + Conjugated Verb (CV)

La/Lo como
(I eat it)

La/lo veo
(I see it)

La/Lo compro
(I buy it)

La/Lo leo
(I read it)

La/Lo tengo
(I have it)

70
Q

DO pronoun placement in sentences w/ another noun

A

Noun + DO pronoun + CV

Juan la come.
Maria lo tiene. (el libro)
El chico la compara. (la pluma)
Usted lo leen. (el periodico)

71
Q

Plural DO

A

Plural DO Pronouns

*Juan come dos sandwiches. –> Juan las come.
(Juan eats two sandwiches –> Juan east them.)

La chica ve dos coches –> La chica los ve.
(The girls saw two cars. –> The girls saw them.)*

72
Q

Sentence Structure: Another Person as DO

A

Noun + DO pronoun + CV

*Ella me ama.
(She love me.)

Ellos nos llamana.
(They call us.)*

73
Q

SENTENCES WITH TWO VERBS

First verb

A

Conjugated

74
Q

SENTENCES WITH TWO VERBS

Second verb

A

Remains in infinitive form

Ex. Poder (to be able) + pagar (to pay)
Puedo pagar diez pesos.

75
Q

Placement of DO if there are 2 verbs.

First Method

A

Right before the conjugated verb.

Ex. Lo quiero ver.
Lo debemos comprar.
Maria nos debe visitar.
Juan lo necesitas lavar.

76
Q

Placement of DO if there are 2 verbs.

Second Method

A

Attach to he infinitive verb.

Ex. Quiero verlo.
Debemos comprarlo.
Maria debe visitarnos.
Juan necesitas lavarlo.

77
Q

Where the DO is going; answers “to whom” or “for what”

A

Indirect Object (IO)

78
Q

IO Pronouns

A
  1. Me - me
  2. Te - you (familiar)
  3. Le - him/her, you (formal)
  4. Nos - us
  5. Os - you-all (familiar)
  6. Les - them, you-all (formal)
79
Q

IO placement in affirmative sentences w/ 1 verb

A

Right before the conjugated verb

Ex. Juan me compra un regalo.
Juan te compra un regalo.

80
Q

True or false: IO remains the same, subject changes

A

True

The subject attached to the verb changes while the IO remains the same.

Ex. He buys me = me compra
They buy me = me compran
You buy me = me compras

81
Q

Special problem of IO LE & LES

A

They are gender-less, making the sentences ambiguous.

Ex. Le escribe una carta.
She writes him/her/you (formal) a
letter.

82
Q

Prepositional phrase are used to:

First purpose

A

Clarify sentences with Le &. Les.

Ex. Ella le escribe a Juan una carta.
Ella le escribe a su hermana una
carta.

83
Q

Prepositional phrase are used to:

Second purpose

A

To give emphasis to the IO

Ex. Juan me da a mi el dinero.
Juan te da a ti el dinero.

Note: use DO pronouns for the prepositional phrase.

84
Q

Placement of IO with 2 verbs

A
  1. Immediately before the conjugated verb
  2. Attached to the infinitive verb.

Spanish (2 decks)

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