Prologue Vocabulary

Question 1

Socrates + Plato

Answer 1

Belief that the mind is separate from the body, and that knowledge is innate.

Question 2

Aristotle

Answer 2

Belief that the mind and body are inseparable, and that knowledge is gained throughout life.

Question 3

Rene Descartes

Answer 3

Considered the “Father of Modern Psychology”, believed that abnormal behaviors came from the mind. Belief that mind and body are distinct.

Question 4

Francis Bacon

Answer 4

Scientific method.

Question 5

John Locke

Answer 5

Tabula rasa, founder of Empiricism.

Question 6

Empiricism

Answer 6

Experience and observation should be the basis of science.

Question 7

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 7

First psychology lab and experiment, founder of introspection.

Question 8

Edward Titchener

Answer 8

First psychology laboratory in the United States, introduced Structuralism.

Question 9

Structuralism

Answer 9

Use of introspection to learn about the mind.

Question 10

Introspection

Answer 10

Self study, contemplation.

Question 11

Functionalism

Answer 11

Focus on how mental and behavioral processes function.

Question 12

William James

Answer 12

“Principles of Psychology”, founder of Functionalism.

Question 13

Mary Calkins

Answer 13

Memory research, first female APA president.

Question 14

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 14

First woman to receive a PhD in psychology.

Question 15

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 15

“Self actualization”, importance of love and acceptance. Referred to as “healthy growth potential.”

Question 16

Natural Selection

Answer 16

Nature chooses who survives based on their adaptations.

Question 17

Nature-Nuture Issue

Answer 17

Are experiences inherited or developed?

Question 18

Levels of analysis

Answer 18

Biopsychosocial approach of analysis, considers biological, psychological, and social factors.

Question 19

Evolutionary perspective

Answer 19

How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one’s genes.

Question 20

Behavior Genetics Perspective

Answer 20

How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences.

Question 21

Neuroscience perspective.

Answer 21

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.

Question 22

Psychodynamic perspective

Answer 22

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.

Question 23

Behavioral perspective

Answer 23

How we learn observable responses.

Question 24

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 24

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve memory.

Question 25

Social-Cultural perspective

Answer 25

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.

Question 26

Basic research

Answer 26

Research that builds on psychology’s knowledge base.

Question 27

Applied research

Answer 27

Using psychology’s knowledge base to fix real problems.

Question 28

Biological psychologists

Answer 28

Explores the links between body and mind.

Question 29

Developmental psychologists

Answer 29

Studying changes in ability from “womb to tomb.”

Question 30

Cognitive psychologists

Answer 30

Experimenting with how we percieve, think, and solve problems.

Question 31

Personality psychologists

Answer 31

Investigates persistent traits.

Question 32

Social psychologists

Answer 32

Exploring how we view and affect one another.

Question 33

Counseling psychology

Answer 33

Help people cope with academic, vocational, and martial issues by recognizing their strenghts, weaknesses, and resources.

Question 34

Clinical psychology

Answer 34

Treat and assess mental/emotional/behavioral issues.

Question 35

Psychiatry

Answer 35

Medical branch dealing with psychological disorders. Only branch that can prescribe medicine to treat mental illnesses.

Question 36

Psychology

Answer 36

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.