Prologue Vocabulary Flashcards
Socrates + Plato
Belief that the mind is separate from the body, and that knowledge is innate.
Aristotle
Belief that the mind and body are inseparable, and that knowledge is gained throughout life.
Rene Descartes
Considered the “Father of Modern Psychology”, believed that abnormal behaviors came from the mind. Belief that mind and body are distinct.
Francis Bacon
Scientific method.
John Locke
Tabula rasa, founder of Empiricism.
Empiricism
Experience and observation should be the basis of science.
Wilhelm Wundt
First psychology lab and experiment, founder of introspection.
Edward Titchener
First psychology laboratory in the United States, introduced Structuralism.
Structuralism
Use of introspection to learn about the mind.
Introspection
Self study, contemplation.
Functionalism
Focus on how mental and behavioral processes function.
William James
“Principles of Psychology”, founder of Functionalism.
Mary Calkins
Memory research, first female APA president.
Margaret Floy Washburn
First woman to receive a PhD in psychology.
Humanistic Psychology
“Self actualization”, importance of love and acceptance. Referred to as “healthy growth potential.”
Natural Selection
Nature chooses who survives based on their adaptations.
Nature-Nuture Issue
Are experiences inherited or developed?
Levels of analysis
Biopsychosocial approach of analysis, considers biological, psychological, and social factors.
Evolutionary perspective
How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one’s genes.
Behavior Genetics Perspective
How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences.
Neuroscience perspective.
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
Psychodynamic perspective
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.
Behavioral perspective
How we learn observable responses.
Cognitive Perspective
How we encode, process, store, and retrieve memory.
