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AP Psychology > Prologue Vocab > Flashcards

Prologue Vocab Flashcards

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0
Q

Socrates

A

(469-399 B.C.) philosopher-teacher; believed the mind is separate from the body, knowledge is innate
*derived principles from logic

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1
Q

Psychology

A

The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes

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2
Q

Plato

A

(428-348 B.C.) Socrates’ student

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3
Q

Aristotle

A

(384-322 B.C.) believed the souls not separable from the body and knowledge is not pre-existing but grows from experiences stores in our memories
*derived from observation

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4
Q

Rene Descartes

A

(1595-1650) “Father of Modern Psychology”
believed abnormal behaviour was caused by abnormalities in the brain instead of supernatural causes
mind and body are distinct and separable

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5
Q

Francis Bacon

A

(1561-1626) introduced the scientific method

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6
Q

John Locke

A

(1632-1704) adapted the theory of tabula rosa– humans are born as a blank slate
formed empiricism

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7
Q

Empiricism

A

The view that knowledge comes from experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

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8
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

Created the first lab in Leipzig, Germany

Worked with two men to measure reaction time

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9
Q

Structuralism

A

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

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10
Q

Edward Titchener

A

Wundt’s student

Trained people to report elements of their experience

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11
Q

Introspection

A

Looking inward

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12
Q

Functionalism

A

A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioural processes function– how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

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13
Q

William James

A

Philosopher-psychologist who considered evolved functions of our thoughts and feelings
Wrote Principles of Psychology

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14
Q

Mary Calkins

A

Taught by William James
Out scored male students
Harvard refused to give her the Ph.D. she deserved
Memory researcher

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15
Q

Margaret Floy Washburn

A

First female to get a psychology Ph.D.
Wrote The Animal Mind
American Psychological Association’s 2nd female president

16
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

Historically significant perspective that emphasised the growth potential of healthy people; used personalised methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth

17
Q

Nature-nurture issue

A

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviours

18
Q

Natural selection

A

The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to the reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

19
Q

Levels of analysis

A

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to socio-cultural, for analysing any given phenomenon

20
Q

Evolutionary perspective

A

How the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation of one’s genes

21
Q

Behaviour genetics perspective

A

How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences

22
Q

Neuroscience perspective

A

How the body and brain enable emotion, memories, and sensory experiences

23
Q

Psychodynamic perspective

A

How behaviour springs for unconscious drives and conflicts

24
Q

Behavioural perspective

A

How we learn observable responses

25
Q

Cognitive perspective

A

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information

26
Q

Socio-cultural perspective

A

How behaviour and thinking vary across situations and cultures

27
Q

Basic research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

28
Q

Applied research

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

29
Q

Biological psychologists

A

Exploring the links between brain and mind

30
Q

Developmental psychologists

A

Studying our changing abilities from womb to tomb

31
Q

Cognitive psychologists

A

Experimenting with how we perceive, think, and solve problems

32
Q

Personality psychologists

A

Investigating our persistent traits

33
Q

Social psychologists

A

Exploring how we view and affect one another

34
Q

Counselling psychology

A

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being

35
Q

Clinical psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

36
Q

Psychiatry

A

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy

AP Psychology (7 decks)

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