Prologue- The Story Of Psychology Flashcards
Define psychology
The science of behaviour and mental processes.
What is cognitive neuroscience?
The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition- including perception, thinking, memory, and language
Define nature-nurture issue
Controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviours.
What is natural selection?
The principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed onto succeeding generations
What does neuroscience focus on?
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories and sensory experiences
What is level of analysis
The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.
What is biopsychosocial approach
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.
What does evolutionary focus on?
How the natural selection of traits have promoted the survival of genes
What does behaviour genetics focus on
How our genes and our environment influence our individual differences
What does psychodynamic focus on ?
How behaviour springs from unconscious drives and conflicts
What does behavioural focus on?
How we learn observable responses
What does cognitive focus on?
How we encode, process, store and retrieve information
What does social-cultural focus on?
How behaviour and thinking vary across situations and cultures
Define basic research
Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
Applied research
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
Counselling psychology
Assist people with problems in living and in achieving greater well-being
Clinical psychology
Studies, assessed and treats people with psychological disorders
Psychiatry
Medicine dealing with psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological a therapy
Positive psychology
The scientific study of human functioning ,with the goals of discovering and prompting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive
What is community psychology?
A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups.
Testing effects
Enhance memory after retrieving, rather than simply reading information also sometimes referred to as retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning
SQ3R
Survey,question, read, retrieve, review
