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Psych test 3 > Prologue Chapter > Flashcards

Prologue Chapter Flashcards

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1
Q

focusses on mental processes, such as attention, memory, problem-solving, and language

A

Cognitive psychology

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2
Q

explores the biological basis of behaviour studying how the brain and nervous system influence actions

A

Bio psychology/neuropsychology

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3
Q

examines development across the lifespan, studying physical, cognitive and emotional growth

A

Developmental psychology

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4
Q

investigate basic psychological processes like learning perception, and motivation

A

Experimental psychology

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5
Q

focusses on behaviour in the workplace, including productivity, leadership and teamwork

A

Industrial organizational psychology

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6
Q

Studies the core traits that defined an individual personality and how they influence behaviour

A

Personality psychology

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7
Q

examines how thoughts, feelings and behaviours are influenced by social interactions, groups, and societal factors

A

Social psychology

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8
Q

an evidence based method that draws on observation and experimentation

A

Empirical approach

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9
Q

Thinking that does not automatically accept arguments and conclusions rather it examines assumptions, appraises, the source discerns, hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusion

A

Critical thinking

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10
Q

an early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener, used introspection to reveal structure of a human mind

A

Structuralism

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11
Q

An early school of thought promoted by James, and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioural processes function – how they enable that organism to adapt survive and flourish

A

Functionalism

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12
Q

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies behaviour without reference to mental processes most psychologist today agree with that psychology should be an objective science, but not with studies behaviour without reference to mental processes

A

Behaviourism

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13
Q

historically, significant perspective that emphasized human growth potential

A

Humanistic psychology

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14
Q

The interdisciplinary study of the brain linked with recognition

A

cognitive neuroscience

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15
Q

The science of behaviour and mental processes

A

Psychology

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16
Q

The long-standing controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviour

A

Nature – nurture issue

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17
Q

The principal that inherited traits and enabling an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

A

Natural selection

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18
Q

The study of evolution of behaviour and the mind using principles of natural selection

A

Evolutionary psychology

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19
Q

The study of relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behaviour

A

Behaviour genetics

20
Q

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions, shared by a group of people admitted from one generation to the next

A

Culture

21
Q

The scientific study of human flourishing with the goal of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and common communities to thrive

A

Positive psychology

22
Q

integrates biological, psychological and social, cultural perspectives to understand behaviour

A

Biopsychosocial approach

23
Q

The differing complementary views from biological to psychological to social cultural for analyzing any given phenomenon

A

Levels of analysis

24
Q

pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

A

Basic research

25
Q

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

A

Applied research

26
Q

A branch of psychology that assist people with problems in living and achieving greater well-being

A

Counselling psychology

27
Q

A branch of psychology, that studies, assesses and treats people with psychological disorders

A

Clinical psychology

28
Q

A branch of medicine, dealing with psychological disorders; practised by physicians, who sometimes provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

A

Psychiatry

29
Q

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and group

A

Community psychology

30
Q

enhanced memory after retrieving rather than simply reading information also referred to as retrieval, practice effect or test enhanced learning

A

testing effect

31
Q

A study method incorporating five steps survey question read retrieve review

A

SQ3R

32
Q

early ideas on memory, learning, and perception influencing later theories in psychology

A

Aristotle

33
Q

founded the first psychology laboratory and is considered the father of modern psychology

A

Wilhelm Wundt

34
Q

developed functionalism, focussing on the adapted functions and consciousness and behaviour

A

William James

35
Q

Founded psychoanalysis, emphasizing the role of unconscious process and behaviour and personality

A

Sigmund Freud

36
Q

known for research on the effects of racism on black children

A

Dr. Mamie Phipps Clark

37
Q

revolutionized economics and workplace efficiency

A

Lillian Gilbreth

38
Q

Pioneer neuropsychology and studied patient HM

A

Dr. Brenda Milner

39
Q

famous for research on memory distortion, including the misinformation effect

A

Dr Elizabeth Loftus

40
Q

Developed theories, opposing male, centered, psychological models

A

Dr. Karen Horney and Dr. Carol Gilligan

41
Q

first black psychologist that demonstrated there is racial/cultural bias in standardized testing

A

Robert Lee Williams the second

42
Q

known for founders of psychoanalytic child psychology. Neither had a PhD in psychology.

A

Anna Freud and Melanie Klein

43
Q

founder of evolutionary psychology

A

Dr. Leda Cosmides

44
Q

known for biological explanation of emotions

A

Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett

45
Q

Known for research on mental representations, concepts, and prototypes

A

dr. Eleanor H. Rosch

46
Q

Known for research on mental representations, concepts, and prototypes

A

dr. Eleanor H. Rosch

Psych test 3 (3 decks)

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