Prologue Flashcards
Definition of psychology
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Forms of psychology
Behavior, mental, scientific
What is behavior psych?
Anything an organism does that can be observed and recorded
What is mental processes of psych?
Internal subjunctive experiences we u get from behavior
What is scientific study of psych ?
Rely on labs and scientific method
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle
Thinking about thinking
Descartes
Knowledge is innate
Locke
Tabula rasa; knowledge comes from experience
Definition of structuralism
Structure of the mind (emotions), understand the basic components of the mind, elements of consciousness (Wundt and titchener)
Definition of introspection
Self reflection, used to analyze mind structure, give a full unbiased report of what is going on in your head
Problems with introspection
Unreliable, error, must be able to verbalize mental processes, reflecting on experience may change the current experience
Definition of functionalism
Functions of the mind, consciousness must have some adaptive function (James and Darwin)
Definition of behaviorism
Only behavior should be studied; can be characterized by stimuli (process) and responses (react), complex behaviors, learning can occur without responding
What is humanistic psych?
Emphasized growth potential of healthy people (need for love and acceptance and environments that nurture or limit personal growth)
What is cognitive revolution
Perception, memory, language
Who was father of psych?
Wilhelm Wundt (1879)
What did wilhelm Wundt create?
Created first experiment and lab— interested Adam’s of the mind, created a machine that creates sound and discovers when we become conscious of the sound
Nature vs nurture
Genetics vs environment (experiences)
Counseling psychologists
Help ppl deal with problems and achieve greater well being
Clinical psychologist
Study, asses, and treat people with psychological disorders
Psychiatrists
Medical dr who treat people with disorders
Community psychologist
Create social and physical environments that are healthy for all
Basic research
Goal is to increase scientific knowledge base
Applied research
Goal is to solve practical problems
Cognitive
How the mind works
Neuroscience
How biological factors and bodily events influence behavior (study of brain activity linked with cognition)
Social
How social factors influence behavior and thought
Developmental
Changing abilities from womb to tomb
Psychodynamic
How unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior
Counseling
Assist people with coping
Industrial/organizational
Workplace behavior
Clinical
Assess and treat disorders
Empirical approach
Evidence based approach
Scientific attitude
Skeptical and open
Critical thinking
Examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hides biases, evaluated evidence, asses conclusions
Mary Calkins
American psych association first female president
Margaret Washburn
1st woman to receive psych PHD
Positive psych
Study of human flourishing with the goals of promoting strengths and happiness to help people thrive
Level of analysis
Differing complementary, biological, psychological, social cultural views for analyzing a situation
Testing effect
Enhanced memory after retrieving
SQ3r
Study, questions, read, retrieve, review
Freudian psych
The ways are unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect our behavior
Cognitive psych
Study of mental processes (learn, remember, Think, solve problems, communicate)
Evolutionary psych
Study of evolution of behavior and the mind
Behavior genetics
Study of relative power and limits of genetics and environmental influences in behavior
Culture
Shared ideas and behaviors that one generation passes to the next
