Prokaryotic Transmission Flashcards
1
Q
What is a nucleoid?
A
- Bacterial ‘equivalent’ of the nucleus
- not membrane bound
- contains DNA and proteins (HU and H1)
2
Q
How is DNA assembled in bacteria?
A
Assembled in loops
- this supercoiling allows the DNA to coil up on itself
- 10-50kb
3
Q
How does transcription begin in prokaryotes?
A
RNA Polymerase copies one strand of DNA into RNA
4
Q
What is a gene?
A
region of double stranded DNA that encodes a peptide chain
5
Q
What do genes encode?
A
- Proteins
- Functional RNA’s (tRNA and rRNA)
6
Q
Where does the region of translation start?
A
Translation starts when the translational start codon (AUG) is read. This is after the Untranslated region (UTR)
7
Q
How is RNA synthesised? which direction?
A
Always from 5’ to 3’ regions
-not all genes on the chromosome are the same way round
8
Q
What is an operon?
A
Several genes that are clustered together under one promoter
9
Q
Where does RNA polymerase bind?
A
Binds to the -35 sequence and unwinds at the -10 sequence
