Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cell Structure Flashcards
Type of microscope used to see what’s inside a cell (most powerful); Electrons are transmitted through specimen
Transmission Electron Microscope
Type of microscope used to see the shape of the cell; Electrons scan the surface of the specimen
Scanning Electron Microscope
This stain is used to differentiate most bacteria into two major groups; Most used; Determines gram positive or gram negative
Gram Stain (Differential Stain)
If the bacteria is purple after staining, then it is…
Gram Positive
If the bacteria is pink after staining, then it is…
Gram Negative
This type of stain is used to detect the presence of endoscopes
Endosperm Stain (Special Stain)
This type of stain is used to locate flagella and determine total number; Flagella moves so fast that it has to be stained in order to be seen
Flagella Stain (Special Stain)
This bacteria cell shape is a grape-like cluster of cells
Staphylococcus
This bacteria cell shape is in chains of cells
Streptococcus
This bacteria type is in chains of cells, but is it a cylindrical shape
Streptobacillus
Bacteria divides by…
Binary Fission
These types of bacteria have: Filamentous appendages, surface layers, cell walls, cell boundary, and are intracellular
Prokaryotic Cell Structure
This flagella type moves in a rotating manner
Prokaryotic
This flagella type moves in a waving motion
Eukaryotic
One flagellum
Monotrichous
Flagellum at end of cell
Polar Flagellum
One flagellum at each end of cell
Amphitrichous
Cluster of flagella at one or both ends
Lophotrichous
Spread over entire surface of cell
Peritrichous
These are short, thin, hairlike and proteinaceous appendages; They mediate attachment to surfaces; Some (Type IV) are required for twitching or gliding motility
Fimbriae
These are are similar to fimbria, only longer, thicker and less numerous; Required for “genetic material to pass through”
Pili
What is the surface layer glycocalyx composed of ?
Polysaccharides
This layer of material that lies outside the cell wall is usually composed of polysaccharides and is well organized and not easily removed from the cell
Capsules
This layer of material that lies outside the cell is similar to capsules, but it is diffuse, unorganized and easily removed; Makes it hard for WBC to attach
Slime Layers
This layer of material that lies outside the cell wall is regularly structured layers of glycoprotein; Common among Archaea
S-Layer
A mucopolysaccharide; Contains tetra peptide side chains including alternating L and D amino acids; Don’t find L&D alternating a.a in Eukaryotic, they only have L
Peptidoglycan
Where will you only find Teichoic Acid
Gram-Positive cells
