Prokaryotic Cells, Eukaryotic cells and viruses Flashcards
What is the prokaryote?
It is a single celled organism lacking membrane bound organelles or structures such as a nuclear membrane or ER. The DNA is circular and free within the cytoplasm.
What is a eukaryote?
It is an organism containing cells that has membrane bound organelles of DNA in chromosomes which is found in the nucleus.
What are viruses?
They are not made of cells and are not classified with living organisms. They seem to exist at the interface between living and nonliving systems.
What is an example of a prokaryote?
A bacterium cell
What is a mesosome?
It is a folding of the cell membrane, which increases its surface area.
What is the function of a mesosome?
It is the site of respiration
What does photosynthetic lamellae hold?
Photosynthetic pigments
What is a prokaryotic cell wall made up of?
Peptidoglycan
What size is the ribosomes in prokaryotic cells?
70S and they are free within the cytoplasm.
What is the DNA like in prokaryotic cells?
It is free in the cytoplasm and circular
What is the DNA like in eukaryotic cells?
They are combined with protein in chromosomes.
What is the cell wall made up of in eukaryotic cells?
It is made up of cellulose in plants, chitin and fungi and some are made from protoctists
What is the size of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
80S : free in cytoplasm or attached to ER.
What theory states that some organelles found within eukaryotic cells were once prokaryotic?
Endosymbiosis
What evidence shows this theory?
Mitochondria, chloroplasts and prokaryotic cells are all the same size and use binary vision when dividing into two. They all have their own circular DNA with the 70S ribosomes.
