Levels of Organisation

Question 1

What do single celled organisms do?

Answer 1

They carry all life functions within a single cell.

Question 2

What do you multicellular organisms have which are not found in single cell organisms?

Answer 2

They have specialise cells which forms tissues and organs which have various structures and roles.

Question 3

What is a tissue?

Answer 3

It is a group of cells which were together with a common function structure and origin in the embryo.

Question 4

What are the three main types of mammalian tissue?

Answer 4

Epithelial, muscular and connective tissue.

Question 5

What is the structure of epithelial tissues?

Answer 5

Epithelia have no blood vessels but may have nerve endings. The cells rest on the basement membrane which is made of collagen and protein which can vary in shape and complexity.

Question 6

What is the function of epithelial tissue?

Answer 6

They form a continuous layer, covering or lining of the internal and external surfaces of the body. They often have a protective or secretory function.

Question 7

What are the four types of epithelial tissue?

Answer 7

Cuboidal, columnar, squamous and glandular

Question 8

What is the structure of cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 8

Box shaped with one cell thick tissue.

Question 9

What is the function of cuboidal epithelium?

Answer 9

Secretion and reabsorption.

Question 10

Where is cuboidal epithelium located?

Answer 10

Kidney tubules, ducts of the salivary glands.

Question 11

What is the structure of columnar epithelium?

Answer 11

It is column shaped with some cells having cilia and some with microvilli.

Question 12

What is the function of columnar epithelial?

Answer 12

Cilia wafts any dust, dirt or mucus out of the air passages. Microvilli increases the surface area for absorption.

Question 13

Where is columnar epithelium cells located?

Answer 13

Ciliated in the trachea, the microvilli is found within the small intestine.

Question 14

What is the structure of squamous epithelium?

Answer 14

Flattened cells on the basement membrane so the cells are thin and smooth.

Question 15

What is the function of squamous epithelium?

Answer 15

The thin layer of cells helps with exchange. It lines of tissue, it covers the surface of organs, cavities and tubes. The smooth lining reduces friction.

Question 16

Where is squamous epithelium located?

Answer 16

In the alveoli and blood vessels.

Question 17

What is the structure of glandular epithelium?

Answer 17

A type of epithelium where secretory epithelial cells secrete substances and organise themselves in gland shapes.

Question 18

What is the function of glandular epithelium?

Answer 18

It’s secrete enzymes and hormones, saliva and mucus

Question 19

Where is the location of glandular epithelium?

Answer 19

In the saliva glands, pancreas, gastric band in the stomach mucosa.

Question 20

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 20

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac.

Question 21

What is the structure of skeletal muscle?

Answer 21

The muscle cells are joined to form fibres which give powerful contraction but these muscles tie easily. The striations are caused by overlapping protein molecules in the cells.

Question 22

Skeletal muscle is voluntary muscle what does that mean?

Answer 22

It means you can choose whether or not to contract these muscles.

Question 23

What is the function of skeletal muscle?

Answer 23

It generates a locomotion in mammals. Where it allows us to move our bones and maintain posture and body position. In addition it supports soft tissue.

Question 24

Where is the location of skeletal muscle?

Answer 24

It is attached to bones by the tendons.

Question 25

What is the contraction like with smooth-muscle?

Answer 25

It contracts rhythmically but with less power than skeletal muscle.

Question 26

What is the structure of smooth-muscle?

Answer 26

It is unstriated, individual spindle-shaped shells which can shorten in length.

Question 27

What is the function of smooth-muscle?

Answer 27

They are in voluntary muscles so you are unable to control them they are involved in many ‘housekeeping’ functions of the body

Question 28

What is the location of smooth-muscle?

Answer 28

It’s found in the walls of blood vessels, digestive and respiratory tract’s and the Iris

Question 29

What is the structure of cardiac muscle?

Answer 29

The fibres are striated and branched. They are attached at the ends by joining fibres by sick plasma membrane is called intercalated discs.

Question 30

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

Answer 30

Rhythmic contractions which pumps blood through the heart. They contract with no stimulation from nerves or hormones but can modify their contraction . These muscles don’t tire.

Question 31

Where is the cardiac muscle located?

Answer 31

The heart.

Question 32

What is the structure of connective-tissue?

Answer 32

Except for blood all collective tissue is made from the protein collagen in the extracellular material.

Question 33

What is the function of connective tissue?

Answer 33

It connects, supports and separates tissues and organs. It helps support the body as well as binds all types of tissue together.

Question 34

Where is collective tissue located?

Answer 34

Blood and bone

Question 35

What is an organ?

Answer 35

And organ comprises several tissues working together performing a specific function in humans.

Question 36

What is an organ system?

Answer 36

It is a group of organs which work together with a particular role.

Question 37

What are organisms?

Answer 37

It is when all systems of the body work together making an organism which is a discrete individual.