Prokaryotic Cells And Viruses

Question 1

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 1

Single-celled organisms

Question 2

Give 4 organelles in a prokaryotic cell that are similar to an eukaryotic cell:

Answer 2

1. Cytoplasm
2. Cell-surface membrane
3. Cell wall (murein)
4. Ribosomes (smaller)

Question 3

Give 4 organelles in a prokaryotic cell that are different to eukaryotic cells:

Answer 3

1. Flagellum
2. Free DNA
3. Plasmids
4. Capsule

Question 4

What is the name of the process by which prokaryotes replicate?

Answer 4

Binary fission

Question 5

Describe the process of binary fission:

Answer 5

1. Circular DNA and plasmids replicate.
2. Cell gets bigger, DNA moves to opposite poles of cell.
3. Cytoplasm begins to divide.
4. Cytoplasm divides and 2 daughter cells produced. One copy of DNA but multiple plasmids.

Question 6

What is the structure of a virus?

Answer 6

1. Capsid
2. Attachment proteins
3. Core of genetic material

Question 7

How do viruses replicate?

Answer 7

1. Virus attached to host cell receptor proteins.
2. Genetic material released into host cell.
3. Genetic material and proteins replicated by host cell “machinery”
4. Viral components assemble
5. Replicated viruses released from host cell.