Eukaryotic Cells And Organelles Flashcards
What organelles does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn’t have?
- Chloroplasts
- Vacuole
- Cell wall
What are the cell walls in fungi made out of?
Chitin
Describe and explain the function of a cell-surface membrane:
It is the membrane found on the surface of animal cells and inside the cell wall of other cells. Made from lipids and protein.
Regulates the movement of substances in and out of cells. Has receptors on it which allows it to respond to chemicals like hormones.
Describe and explain the function of the nucleus:
A large organelle surrounded by a nuclear envelope, which contains pores. Nucleus contains chromosomes and the nucleolus.
It controls the cells activities and has DNA which contains instructions to make proteins. Pores allow substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm. Nucleolus makes ribosomes.
Describe and explain the function of the mitochondrion:
Oval shaped, double-membrane, inner folded to create cristae. Inside is matrix, which contains enzymes needed for respiration.
Site of aerobic respiration. Produces ATP.
Describe and explain the function of chloroplasts:
Small, flattened structure found in plant cells and algal cells. Double-membrane, thylakoid membranes. Stacked up to form grana. Linked together by lamellae.
Site of photosynthesis.
Describe and explain the function of the Golgi apparatus:
Group of fluid-filled membrane bound flattened sacs.
Processes and packages new lipids and proteins. Makes lysosomes.
Describe and explain the function of the Golgi vesicle:
Small fluid-filled sac in the cytoplasm, surrounded by membrane and produced by Golgi apparatus.
Stores lipids and proteins and transports them out of the cell.
Describe and explain the function of the lysosome:
Round organelle surrounded by membrane, no clear internal structure.
Contains lysozymes. Digest invading cells or break down worn out components of the cell.
Describe and explain the function of the ribosome:
Small organelles free in cytoplasm or attached to RER. Made of proteins and RNA. Not surrounded by membrane.
Site where proteins are made.
Describe and explain the function of RER:
System of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. Surface covered with ribosomes.
Folds and processes proteins that have been made by ribosomes.
Describe and explain the function of SER:
Similar to RER, no ribosomes
Synthesises and processes lipids
Describe and explain the function of the cell wall:
Rigid structure that surrounds, plant, algae and fungal cells. Made of cellulose or chitin.
Supports cells and prevents change of shape.
Describe and explain the function of the cell vacuole:
Membrane-bound organelle in cytoplasm. Container cell sap. Surrounded by tonoplast.
Helps maintain pressure in cell and keeps it rigid. Stops plants wilting. Isolates unwanted chemicals in cell.
How are cells organised?
Specialised cells grouped to make tissues, tissues form organs, organs make up an organ system
