Prokaryotic Cells And Viruses

Question 1

What is the flagellum?

Answer 1

• a long hair like structure that rotate to make the prokaryotic cell move
• some have no flagellum and some have multiple

Question 2

What is the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

• contains no membrane bound organelle

- they have 70s ribosomes

Question 3

What is the plasma membrane?

Answer 3

• made from lipids and proteins

- contains movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 4

What is the cell wall?

Answer 4

• supports the cell so it doesn’t change shape

- made from a polymer called murine which is a glucose protein

Question 5

What are plasmids?

Answer 5

• small loops of DNA that rent part of the main circular DNA molecule
• plasmids contain genes and can be passed between prokaryotic cells
• some have no plasmids and some have multiple

Question 6

What is the capsule?

Answer 6

• made from secreted slime

- protects the bacteria from attack by cells of the immune system

Question 7

What is the free floating DNA?

Answer 7

• it doesn’t have a nucleus so circular DNA floats in the cytoplasm
• seen as a long coiled up strand that’s not attached to any histones

Question 8

What are virus?

Answer 8

• acellular as they are not cells they are nucleus acids surrounded by proteins
• smaller than bacteria
• no plasma membrane,cytoplasm,ribosomes
• they reproduce inside of host cells p

Question 9

What is a viruses protein coat?

Answer 9

Surrounds the core also known as a caspid

Question 10

How do viruses store genetic material?

Answer 10

They contain either DNA or RNA

Question 11

What are attachment proteins?

Answer 11

The attachment proteins stick out from the edge of the capsid so the virus can cling to the host cell

Question 12

What is the first stage of binary fission?

Answer 12

• the circular DNA replicates once

- the plasmids replicate multiple times

Question 13

What is the second stage of binary fission?

Answer 13

-the cell gets bigger and the DNA loops move to opposite poles of the cell

Question 14

What is third the stage of binary fission?

Answer 14

• the cytoplasm begins to divide

- a new cell wall begins to form

Question 15

What is the fourth stage of binary fission?

Answer 15

-the cytoplasm divides and two daughter cells are produced each has one copy of circular DNA and some plasmids

Question 16

What is a glycoprotein?

Answer 16

A protein with a carbohydrate attached

Question 17

Viruses replication (stage 1)

Answer 17

-viruses use their attachment proteins to bind to complementary receptor proteins on the surface of host cells

Question 18

Viruses replication (stage 2)

Answer 18

-Different viruses have different attachment proteins and so require different receptor proteins in host cells so some viruses can only infect one type of cell

Question 19

Viruses replication (stage 3)

Answer 19

-viruses don’t undergo cell division so inject their DNA or RNA into the host cell so they can use its machinery to replicate its vital parts