Prokaryotic Cells And Viruses

Question 1

What is the difference between a eukaryotic cell and prokaryotic cell?

Answer 1

Eukaryotic cells are larger and have a nucleus bounded by nuclear membranes, whereas prokaryotic cells are much smaller and have no nucleus.

Question 2

What is some DNA in the form of in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 2

Circular strands called plasmids.

Question 3

What ribosomes do prokaryotic cells have?

Answer 3

(70s) they are smaller.

Question 4

What is the cell wall made of in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 4

Murein.

Question 5

What do prokaryotic cells sometimes have?

Answer 5

An outer mucilaginous layer called a capsule.

Question 6

What do prokaryotic cells not have?

Answer 6

Chloroplasts.

Question 7

What cells don’t have membrane-bounded organelles?

Answer 7

Prokaryotic cells.

Question 8

What is DNA associated with in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 8

Proteins called histones.

Question 9

What are there none of in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 9

Plasmids and a capsule.

Question 10

What is present in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 10

Chloroplasts and membrane-bounded organelles.

Question 11

What are the ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

Answer 11

(80s) they are larger.

Question 12

What are cell walls made of in eukaryotic cells when present?

Answer 12

Mostly cellulose or chitin in fungi.

Question 13

Where do bacteria occur?

Answer 13

In every habitat in the world.

Question 14

What size are bacteria?

Answer 14

From 0.1 to 10 micrometers in length.

Question 15

What is bacteria’s success rate due to?

Answer 15

Their small size.

Question 16

What is the cell wall made of in bacteria?

Answer 16

Murein.

Question 17

What is murein?

Answer 17

A polymer of polysaccharides and peptides.

Question 18

What do bacteria secrete around the cell wall and why?

Answer 18

A capsule of mucilaginous slime to further protect themselves.

Question 19

What ribosomes do bacteria cells have and what do they do?

Answer 19

(70s), synthesise proteins.

Question 20

What is the role of the cell wall in bacteria cells?

Answer 20

As a physical barrier that excludes certain substances and protects against mechanical damage and osmotic lysis.

Question 21

What is the role of a capsule in bacteria cells?

Answer 21

Protects bacterium from other cells and helps groups of bacteria to stick together for further protection.

Question 22

What is the role of the cell surface membrane in a bacteria cell?

Answer 22

To act as a differential,y permeable layer, which controls the entry and exit of chemicals.

Question 23

What do bacteria store food as?

Answer 23

Glycogen granules and oil droplets.

Question 24

What is the genetic material in in bacteria?

Answer 24

A circular strand (loop) of DNA.

Question 25

What is the role of circular DNA in bacteria?

Answer 25

Possesses the genetic information for the replication of bacteria cells.

Question 26

What is the role of plasmids in bacteria cells?

Answer 26

Possesses genes that may aid the survival of bacteria in adverse conditions, such as enzymes that break down antibiotics.

Question 27

What are plasmids used as in genetic engineering?

Answer 27

Vectors (carriers of genetic information)

Question 28

What are the features of a bacterial cell?

Answer 28

Cell wall, cell surface membrane, plasmids, ribosomes, capsule, cytoplasm, genetic material, and flagellum.

Question 29

What are viruses?

Answer 29

Acellular, non-living particles.

Question 30

What size are viruses?

Answer 30

20-300 nanometers.

Question 31

What do viruses contain?

Answer 31

Nuclei acids such as RNA or DNA as genetic material.

Question 32

Where can viruses only multiply?

Answer 32

In living host cells.

Question 33

What is the nuclei acid enclosed within in a virus?

Answer 33

A protein coat called the capsid.

Question 34

What are some viruses further surrounded by?

Answer 34

A lipid envelope.

Question 35

What do the lipid envelope or capsid have on them?

Answer 35

Attachment proteins.

Question 36

What do attachment proteins on viruses allow?

Answer 36

Viruses to identify and attach to a host cell.

Question 37

What features does a virus have?

Answer 37

Genetic material, attachment proteins, a capsid, a lipid envelope (sometimes), a matrix, and the enzyme reverse transcriptase.