Mitosis

Question 1

What does mitosis produce?

Answer 1

2 daughter cells that have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Question 2

What does meiosis produce?

Answer 2

4 daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell.

Question 3

What do daughter cells have in mitosis?

Answer 3

An exact copy of DNA from the parent cell.

Question 4

What happens during interphase?

Answer 4

Organelles double, the cell grows and DNA replicates.

Question 5

What is the centromere?

Answer 5

The centre where 2 chromatids are joined.

Question 6

What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

Answer 6

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase and cytokinesis.

Question 7

What happens to the chromosomes in prophase?

Answer 7

They first become visible as long thin threads.

Question 8

What are centrioles?

Answer 8

Cylindrical organelles.

Question 9

What happens to the centrioles in prophase?

Answer 9

They move to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 10

What develops from centrioles?

Answer 10

Spindle fibres.

Question 11

What do the spindle fibres do in prophase?

Answer 11

Span the cell from pole to pole.

Question 12

What are spindle fibres collectively called?

Answer 12

Spindle apparatus.

Question 13

What happens to the nucleus in prophase?

Answer 13

The nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope breaks down.

Question 14

What happens to the chromosomes after the nuclear envelope breaks down in prophase?

Answer 14

They are left free in the cytoplasm.

Question 15

What are the chromosomes drawn to the equator of the cell by?

Answer 15

The spindle fibres attached to the centromere.

Question 16

What are the chromosomes seen as in metaphase?

Answer 16

Chromatids.

Question 17

What is each chromatid?

Answer 17

An identical copy of DNA from the parent cell.

Question 18

What is attached to the centromere in metaphase?

Answer 18

Some microtubules from the poles.

Question 19

What happens to the chromosomes in metaphase?

Answer 19

They are pulled along the spindle apparatus and arrange themselves across the equator of the cell.

Question 20

What happens to the centromeres in anaphase?

Answer 20

They divide into two.

Question 21

What happens to the spindle fibres in anaphase?

Answer 21

They pull the individual chromatids of the chromosome apart.

Question 22

What happens to the chromatids in anaphase?

Answer 22

They move rapidly to their opposite poles of the cell, and are then referred to as chromosomes.

Question 23

Where is the energy for the process in anaphase from?

Answer 23

Mitochondria.

Question 24

Where do the mitochondria needed gather in anaphase?

Answer 24

Around the spindle fibres.

Question 25

What happens if cells are treated with chemicals in anaphase?

Answer 25

The spindle fibres are destroyed and the chromosomes remain at the equator, unable to reach their poles.

Question 26

What happens to the chromosomes in telophase?

Answer 26

They reach their poles and become longer and thinner, finally disappearing and leaving only widely spread chromatin.

Question 27

What happens to the spindle fibres in telophase?

Answer 27

They disintegrate.

Question 28

What re-forms in telophase?

Answer 28

The nuclear envelope and nucleolus.

Question 29

What happens in cytokinesis?

Answer 29

The cytoplasm divides.

Question 30

What does cell division in prokaryotic cells take place by?

Answer 30

Binary fission.

Question 31

What is the first stage of binary fission in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 31

The circular DNA molecule replicates and both copies attach to the cell membrane, plasmids also replicate.

Question 32

What happens in the second stage of binary fission in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 32

The cell membrane begins to grow and pinch inward between the two DNA molecules, dividing the cytoplasm into two.

Question 33

What happens in the last stage of binary fission in prokaryotic cells?

Answer 33

A new cell wall forms between the two DNA molecules, dividing the original cell into two daughter cells, each with a single copy of DNA and copies of plasmids.

Question 34

Why can’t viruses undergo cell division?

Answer 34

They are non-living.

Question 35

How do viruses replicate?

Answer 35

By attaching to their host cell with the attachment proteins on their surface.

Question 36

What do viruses inject into their host cell?

Answer 36

Their nucleic acid.

Question 37

What is on the injected nucleic acid from a virus?

Answer 37

The genetic information.

Question 38

What does the genetic info on the nucleic acid from a virus provide?

Answer 38

The instructions for the host cells metabolic processes to start producing the viral components, nucleic acid, enzymes and structural proteins, to then be assembled into new viruses.

Question 39

What is mitosis essential for?

Answer 39

Growth, repair and reproduction.