Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
What are prokaryotic cells?
Cells that are much smaller than eukaryotic cells that lack membrane bound organelles excluding ribosomes
What are the key structural differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
- Prokaryotic cells are much smaller
- Prokaryotic cells have no membrane bound - organelles
- They have a cell wall made of murein
- They have smaller ribosomes
- There is no nucleus
- Potentially can contian plasmids, capsule and flagella
What are the additional structures that some prokaryotic cells have that other prokaryotic cells may not?
Plasmids, cassoulets and flagellum
What non membrane bound organelles are found in prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells: ribosomes
Eukaryotic cells: ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus and the nucleus
What are ribosomes?
Ribosomes are small cytoplasmic granules found in all cells, made up of two sub units of protein and rRNA
What are the two different types of ribosomes?
7OS (smaller ribosome) and 80S (large ribosome)
What type of ribosome is found in prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?
In prokaryotic cells, 70S ribosome is found. This type of ribosome is also found in mitochondria and chloroplasts
In eukaryotic cells, 80S ribosomes are found.
What is the difference in the nucleus for eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells?
In prokaryotic cells, there is no nucleus, instead of a nucleus there is a single circular DNA molecule free in the cytoplasm which is not protein bound
Whereas in eukaryotic cells, a nucleus is present
Are there cell walls in prokaryotic cells? If so describe what they are made up of?
There are cell walls in prokaryotic cells, which are made up of murein, a glycoprotein